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Sep 19, 1285
Eye Glasses were invented (Inventions)
Eye Glasses are thought to be created by Salvino D' Armate when he experimented with light refraction. He realized that using two pieces of glass can magnify an object. The first pair of eye glasses were to be known at this time. They were made to be on the bridge of the nose and had nearsighted and farsighted pairs for people. https://www.smore.com/d7u9v -
Dec 1, 1377
Pope Gregory Moved the Papacy Back to Rome (The Catholic Church(Pre-Reformation)
Pope Clement V moved the papacy in 1301 from Rome to Avignon which is located in Southern France. It wasn't until this day in 1377 when Pope Gregory moved the papacy back to Rome. The papacy was already in Avignon for about 76 years so the people of France were angry about this change. Once Pope Gregory died, the French Cardinals didn't approve of the pope elected so they elected their own. This lead to the problem of having three popes. Martin Luther and Reformation Slide 9&10 -
Nov 4, 1397
The Harpsichord was Invented (Daily Life/Culture of the Renaissance)
The Harpsichord is very similar to a piano except a string is plucked instead of hitting a key. The Harpsichord became immensely popular all over Europe until the 18th century. After the 18th century, it was slowly replaced by the another version of the piano called the fortepiano and then by the piano we know today. The Harpsichord is known for it's rich sound that reminds us of the baroque music. https://philharmonia.org/learn-and-listen/baroque-instruments/harpsichord/ -
Apr 3, 1413
Donatello's Statue of St. George (Renaissance Art/Artists)
Donatello was asked to make this statue on this day in Florence in 1413. This statue was for the guild's niche in the building of Orsanmichele. St. George was a military figure and a patron saint of armor's guild, he also fought in the Crusades. http://www.italianrenaissance.org/donatellos-st-george/ -
Feb 5, 1434
Jan van Eyck paints the "Arnolfini Portrait" (Renaissance Art/Artists)
Jan van Eyck is said to be one of the first to use oil paints and to use the perfect technique for the oil paints. She liked to give paintings more depth to make me feel more realistic. She also cared more about details of subjects than perspective. You can tell from this painting that this statement is completely true, if look closely at this painting you can find some really cool things.
Slide 25 from Artistic Movements of the Renaissance -
Mar 18, 1434
Cosimo de Medici's rise to power (Patrons of the Arts)
Cosimo de Medici began his political power in 1434. Cosimo was a patron of the humanities. He supported the artists such as Ghiberti, Brunelleschi, Fra Angelico and Donatello. The Renaissance culture thrived during the Medici family rulers making Florence the cultural center of Europe. http://www.history.com/topics/medici-family -
Aug 1, 1464
Cosimo Medici's Death (Patrons of the Arts)
Cosimo Medici died at age 74 in his country house in Careggi. He was then taken to Florence where crowds of people came to watch his burial in the church of San Lorenzo. His tomb has the words "Pater Patriae" carved on it which means "Father of the Country" for all he has done for Florence. Cosimo Medici was an amazing businessman making fortunes on banking and having political power. http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/death-cosimo-de-medici -
Jun 8, 1476
The Canterbury Tales were Published (Literary Works)
The Canterbury Tales were published on this day in 1476. The Canterbury Tales are so famous because this was one of the first big literature works that was written in English. This tale is narrated by 29 pilgrims who journey to St. Thomas Beckett's tomb. St. Thomas was the archbishop of Canterbury and was sadly murdered over a disagreement by King Henry II's followers. His tomb is in Canterbury, England which is why it is called "Canterbury Tales". Artistic Movements Of The Renaissance Slide 9 -
Period: Sep 3, 1480 to Jun 22, 1520
Trade (Daily Life/Culture of the Renaissance)
Trading is giving and receiving goods from different places, this influenced people during the Renaissance. The trade centers at this time was Venice, China, Mongolia, and Florence. The new imports were turkey and sweet potatoes. Trade continued to improve and they discovered new places a long the way. http://www.learner.org/interactives/renaissance/exploration.html Life during the Renaissance slide 7 -
Mar 9, 1494
More Peasants Became Legally Free (Daily Life/Culture of the Renaissance)
Peasants were technically free but, most of them were uneducated and didn't have many skills to live off of. Peasants weren't bound to the land as the Serfs were but, they were very similar in their role. It wasn't until this day in 1494 when peasants started to get out of their manors and explore new places. The manorial system was very important in this time period because it made Feudalism possible. https://www.britannica.com/topic/manorialism http://medievaleurope.mrdonn.org/commoners.html -
Jul 11, 1503
Leonardo da Vinci paints the "Mona Lisa" (Renaissance Art/Artists)
On this day, Leonardo painted probably the most famous painting of all time. The expression of her's is said to be the reason for it's popularity. It also became worldly famous once it was stolen in 1911. There are many conspiracies on this painting but all we now for sure is that the "Mona Lisa" is a remarkable painting and has won the hearts of people. https://www.leonardodavinci.net/the-mona-lisa.jsp -
Mar 17, 1510
Raphael paints "Disputation of the Holy Sacrament" (Renaissance Art/Artists)
This painting represents Christianity defeating the tendencies of philosophers that is shown on the painting "School of Athens". This painting or fresco is located in Raphael Rooms in the Palace of the Vatican. A fresco is water painting on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling. Raphael's paintings portrays strong and ideal people have grace in dignity in their movement. http://www.raphaelpaintings.org/disputation-of-the-holy-sacrament.jsp -
Apr 20, 1511
Michelangelo paints the "Creation of Adam" (Renaissance Art/Artists)
Michelangelo painted this fresco in the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. When painting his frescoes in the Sistine Chapel, he didn't recognize himself being a painter because he only ever made sculptures. This is also said to be the most famous section in the chapel. https://www.artble.com/artists/michelangelo/more_information/style_and_technique -
Jan 27, 1513
Giovanni de' Medici Became Pope (The Catholic Church (Pre-Reformation)
Pope Leo X ruled as a Pope from 1513-1521. He is known for making Rome a cultural and political center, but he also drained the papal treasury and helped the Church's disunion. Pope Leo X spent a large amount of money on the construction of St. Peter's Basilica. He also proclaimed the purchasing of indulgences to pay for the basilica. Pope Leo X was also the one who excommunicated Martin Luther from the Church. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leo-X -
Oct 18, 1517
Martin Luther wrote the Ninety-Five Thesis (Martin Luther & the Protestant Reformation)
Martin Luther was a monk who believed the Church was being corrupted. His big problem was the buying and selling of indulgences. Indulgences are paid passes to get someone out of Purgatory and into Heaven. Martin was furious with the Church so, he nailed his Ninety-Five arguments to the Wittenburg Cathedral. Martin Luther and Reformation Slide 12 https://www.britannica.com/topic/indulgence -
Jan 3, 1521
Martin Luther was Excommunicated from the Church (Martin Luther & the Protestant Reformation)
Pope Leo X was furious with Martin Luther's Ninety-Five thesis and insist that he recant or deny them all. Martin refuses to do this and his followers grow. Unfortunately, Martin was excommunicated from the Church for not recanting but, this doesn't stop Martin. He soon makes a new Christian denomination with his followers called Lutheran. The Lutherans and Catholics will fight over religion until the mid-seventeenth century. Martin Luther and Reformation Slide 14 & 16 -
Jul 23, 1534
Martin Luther Translates the Bible from German (Martin Luther & the Protestant Reformation)
The Bible was only read by the people of Church. This was because the Bible was only written in Greek and Latin. Until this day in 1534 when Martin Luther translated the Bible in German for anyone to read it. Martin believed that everyone should be able to read and interpret what the Bible says. Now, we can all read the Bible whenever we want to. Martin Luther and Reformation Slide 13 -
Jul 30, 1543
The Heliocentric Solar System was Born (Scientific Discoveries)
The Heliocentric Solar System was made on this day in 1543 by Nicholas Copernicus. Copernicus believed that all the planets revolved around the sun while the rest of the world at this time believed that everything revolved around the Earth. Sadly, it wasn't until Copernicus died when this idea became truthful. We still believe this solar system, so we have to give full credits to Nicholas Copernicus for showing us a new way. https://www.smore.com/ra4zs-heliocentric-solar-system -
Romeo and Juliet was Published (Literary Works)
Romeo and Juliet has to be William Shakespeare's most famous play of all time. Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy where two star-crossed lovers born from rival families are destroyed by their families hatred towards each other. Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeare's most frequently performed plays. Romeo and Juliet is continued to be referenced in our culture today and most likely in our future. https://www.folger.edu/romeo-and-juliet -
The Scientific Method was Born (Scientific Discoveries)
The Scientific Method was made by Galileo in 1604. It was said that he used this method to prove if his theories were right or wrong. The Scientific Method has since then be reborn by scientists like Isaac Newton and Francis Bacon. The Scientific Method is still frequently used today and without it we'd never know so many things. The Scientific Method has really shaped our scientific knowledge today. https://www.smore.com/bt875 -
The First Performance of Macbeth (Literary Works)
Macbeth is a tragedy play written by William Shakespeare. Shakespeare is very well known for his plays and this play is one of his more famous ones. Macbeth is actually thought to be a curse play over the years. This play describes Macbeth as a courageous hero until he craves more power and turns into the villain. This play also goes into the mental and physical damages of people who seek too much power for their good. https://www.folger.edu/macbeth -
The Barometer was invented (Inventions)
A barometer is a tool to measure the pressure in the atmosphere. Evangelista Torricelli made this first model in Florence, Italy. Torricelli, getting the idea from Galileo, began by making the first vacuum to uphold a long period of time. He then realized that the atmospheric pressure would make the mercury in the vacuum to shift in height. https://www.smore.com/m78ek -
St. Peter's Basilica is Completed (The Catholic Church (Pre-Reformation)
St. Peter's Basilica is located in Vatican City, Rome. This basilica took over 100 years to complete and 8 popes over those years contributed to the basilica. St. Peter was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus and is known as the first pope. St. Peter's Basilica was the largest christian church in the world until 1989 when the Yamoussoukro Basilica was built. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Saint-Peters-Basilica https://www.britannica.com/topic/Yamoussoukro-Basilica -
The Invention of the Submarine (Inventions)
A Dutchmen by the name Cornelius Drebbel built the first working submarine in 1620. The idea though was first created by Leonardo da Vinci who sketched out what his submarine would like but, da Vinci never showed the public his inventions so most of his inventions were never built. The submarine's purpose wasn't actually for military purposes until much later. Now, most submarines are used for only military purposes. https://www.smore.com/kpqj4-invented-during-the-renaissance -
Isaac Newton's Three Laws of Motion was Born (Scientific Discoveries)
On this day in 1666 at only 23 years old, Isaac Newton made the theories of gravity. Newton's first law is that an object in motion stays in motion or the definition of inertia. Newton's second law describes how an object's velocity can change. Newton's third law is that every action has a reaction. Without this discovery, we would probably never have sent someone on the moon and make spaceships that actually work. https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/newton.html
