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Period: 1300 to
The Bible (The Catholic Church)
Before Martin Luther translated the bible to German it was written in Latin. Only the Pope and priests were able to read it. This lead to the church letting their power get to their head. They manipulated the word of the bible or even just made things up in order to get money. The followers only knew to take their word for everything because they were there to be trusted. Once the bible was translated, people could read and interpret the bible for themselves.
http://www.tecmalta.org/tft360.htm -
Period: 1300 to
Education (Daily Life & Culture)
Education was focused on reading, writing, and math with everything being centered around religion. For the most part, Middle and Upper-class boys were the only ones being educated. Occasionally, a talented poor boy would. Boys were either sent off to a small school with other boys in their social class or had a private tutor that focused on grammar and arithmetic. As they got older, some became apprentices but others continued their education at a University.
Life During the Renaissance.pptx -
Period: 1300 to
Religion (Daily Life & Culture)
Religion had a very important role in people's lives. The Church was the main authority. Their authority was challenged by Martin Luther. Eventually, it was considered heresy. Once the Bible became available to the public, people began to form their own opinions and realize different things they didn't know before. This led to the division of the church, splitting the people and causing people to choose a side.
https://ndla.no/en/subjects/subject:17/topic:1:184015/topic:1:184025/resource:1:88475 -
1395
Jan van Eyck (Renaissance Artists)
Jan van Eyck was a Netherlandish painter that was considered to be one of the best Northern Renaissance painters. It is a misconception that he invented oil paints. He actually just perfected or achieved new techniques using them. The Madonna and Child with Chancellor Rolin and Portrait of Giovanni Amolfini and Wife are two popular paintings that van Eyck painted. He changed Renaissance art in the fact that he found new techniques and perfected the art of oil paints.
http://www.jan-van-eyck.org/ -
1397
Medici Banking System (Patrons of Arts)
The Medici family was a wealthy family that was in control of Florence, Italy. Giovanni took over control of a Roman branch of banking from his cousin. He moved the bank back to Florence in 1397. They used the money they made from banking to support artists. By supporting artists, they were allowed to focus on their art rather than worry about money. At the beginning of the Renaissance, most artworks from Florence was due to the Medici family.
http://www.themedicifamily.com/The-Medici-Bank.html -
1397
The New Economy (Daily Life & Culture)
Trade changed in the sense that trading goods for goods was no longer happening. Money became more predominate and was used to buy things rather than trade for things. Using money made more people wealthier which helped cities flourish. The first Medici bank opened in 1397 which was a turning point for the future of banking. As banking evolved, so did currency and the way people bought things.
https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/economy-and-trade -
1440
The Invention of the Printing Press (Inventions)
The Printing Press was important to the advancement of our society. It enabled the mass production of books. It was helpful because it gave the general public access to knowledge about things they didn't have access to previously. This helped people study on their own forming their own opinions and discoveries. The Bible was mass produced using it and that helped form religion into what it is today.
https://www.livescience.com/43639-who-invented-the-printing-press.html -
1459
Cosimo Medici (Patron of Arts)
Cosimo Medici commissioned that a group of frescos is painted in his palace. The artist that he commissioned to paint these was Benozzo Gozzoli. He completed the paintings in 150 days. He began working on the paintings in spring or summer of 1459 and finished before the end of the year. The Medici family changed how people viewed artists. Under the Medici rule, artists were seen as leaders and people of importance.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cosimo-de-Medici -
1476
The Selling of Indulgences (The Catholic Church)
The Catholic Church began to sell indulgences more commonly in 1476 so that they could raise money. The people didn't know that that is what they actually sold them for because they were told that if you bought one for yourself or a family member, it would be a free pass to get out of purgatory or go straight to heaven. The church began to get controversial because of them which eventually lead to Reformation.
https://www.thoughtco.com/indulgences-their-role-in-the-reformation-1221776 -
1485
Flying Machine (Scientific Discoveries)
The flying machine, also known as the ornithopter was one of Leonardo's most popular inventions. The design of the machine was inspired by winged animals such as bats. Its wingspan was 33 feet and the frame was to be made of pine, covered in raw silk to create a light, but firm coat. The pilot would lie in the center, face down on a board. It never successfully flew due to it being impossible for humans to get it off the ground themselves.
http://www.da-vinci-inventions.com/flying-machine.aspx -
1495
Robotic Knight (Scientific Discoveries)
Leonardo da Vinci used a pulley, weights, and gears in his self-propelled cart invention, many consider this to be the first robot. He used these parts to make his Robotic Knight. A full drawing of has not been found but pieces of it have been found in various notebooks. It had a knight suit filled with gears and wheels that were connected to a pulley and cable system. Though having all of this, it never moved on its own.
http://www.da-vinci-inventions.com/robotic-knight.aspx -
1497
Leonardo da Vinci (Renaissance Artists)
Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer. The Last Supper (1497) and The Mona Lisa (1503) were two of the most influential paintings of the Renaissance era. Leonardo was very influential in shaping our society to what it is today in both the art aspect as well as the scientific aspect. His work was so different from many other artist and scientists from this era.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonardo-da-Vinc -
1503
The Painting of the Mona Lisa (Renaissance Art)
The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci. This painting set the standard for future portraits. It was also a big mystery because of Leonardo not dating or leaving any information about the painting. People want to try to figure out who the person in the painting is. There are three ideas on who the sitter in the painting is. Some think it was actually a self-portrait but disguised as a woman, Lisa del Giocondo, or his mother, Caterina.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mona-Lisa-painting -
1504
Michelangelo (Renaissance Artists)
Michelangelo is sometimes referred to as the greatest artist since the beginning of the Renaissance. He had no interest in school so he went and watched painters at churches. He didn't have an interest in the family business so he was sent to Ghirlandaio to be trained as an apprentice. He painted two popular paintings called the Madonna and Child (1504) and The Creation (1516). He took to the changes of the Renaissance well and influenced many artists.
https://www.michelangelo.org/ -
1505
Raphael (Renaissance Artists)
Raphel was a master painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance. His most known paintings are the Madonna of the Chair (1514) and the Madonna dell Granduca (1505). He's also well known for his large figure design in the Vatican. His work is most well known for its clarity of form and balance. He made an impact on other artists from the Renaissance era because of his talent and unique way of painting.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Raphael-Italian-painter-and-architect -
1508
The Discovery of the Heliocentric Solar System (Scientific Discoveries)
The Heliocentric Solar System took a long time to come to life. It was first discovered by Aristarchus of Samos. Philolaus and Hicetas discovered that Earth isn't the center of the solar system. They didn't know what the planets revolved around until Aristarchus expanded his theory stating that he believed the object is the sun. Nicholaus Copernicus brought their ideas to life and based his work off of Aristarchus's in 1508.
https://www.britannica.com/science/heliocentric-system -
1511
Simony (The Catholic Church)
Simony was a way the church raised money. Not having the most qualified people running the church is could be part of the reason the church got so corrupted. Simony was nearly unheard of in the 1st 3 centuries of the church but positions with wealth caused it to happen more. Getting rid of simony was seen as a step to get rid of corruption within the church. Pope Alexander VI was accused variously of simony, nepotism, and fathering four children in 1511.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/simony -
1516
Utopia by Thomas More (Literary Works)
Thomas More was the first person to write about Utopia. This book was a complex self-contained community set on an island people shared the same culture and way of life. It is unclear as to whether the book was showing a better way to live life, or if it's just another platform to discuss the chaos of polictics.
https://www.bl.uk/learning/timeline/item126618.html -
1517
Martin Luther's 95 Theses (Martin Luther & Protestant Reformation)
Martin Luther became very upset as he learned more about how the church was run and how much lying they do just to get money. He became fed up with it and wrote 95 theses. He nailed them on the doors of the church. The main idea of them was that the Bible is the main religious authority and humans reach salvation only by faith, not by the things they do. These sparked a lot of madness and began splitting the church.
https://www.history.com/topics/reformation/martin-luther-and-the-95-theses -
1520
The Burning of the Papal Bull (Martin Luther & the Protestant Reformation)
Luther's writings pushed the limits of what the church allowed and was considered to be heresy. The Bull contained 41 of Luther's statements that violated the church. It called for all of Luther's books to be burned to prevent others from having access to them and gave him 60 days to recant. Luther waited until the 60 days were up before he decided to burn the Papal Bull. He decided to make a statement against the burning of his works.
https://lutheranreformation.org/history/burning-papal-bull/ -
1534
The Translation of the Bible (Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation)
Martin Luther began translating the Bible into German when he was imprisoned in Wartburg in 1521. With that success, he began working on the old testament. The entire Bible was fully translated in 1534. Translating the Bible to German was a huge turning point for the evolution of religion. The people could now read and understand the bible for themselves and no longer had to take the church's word for everything.
https://www.museeprotestant.org/en/notice/martin-luther-translator-of-the-bible/ -
1542
The Invention of the Violin (Inventions)
Music was important during the Renaissance Era. Andrea Amati was the person that is believed to have invented the violin. More and more people were learning how to play music and appreciating it more. Nobles were expected to know how to play at least one instrument so you would find some people knowing how to play the violin. Music became very important to peoples lives in the Renaissance.
https://www.connollymusic.com/stringovation/who-invented-the-violin -
The Courtier by Castiglione (Literary Works)
The Courtier gives insight into the Renaissance court life and what best how-to guide for people wanting to be a courtier in the future. The Renaissance Court consisted of a ruler's servants, advisors, nobles, and foreign nobility. The court revolved around the prince it served. The best way for a noble to advance in their career was to gain their ruler's attention. The book was translated from Italian and then widely distributed.
https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/the-book-of-the-courtier-1588 -
The Nobility and Excellence of Women and the Defects and Vices of Men by Lucrezia Marinella (Literary Works)
Lucrezia Marinella was a gifted poet, a women's activist, and an expert on moral and natural philosophy. She was known throughout Italy as the leading female of intelligence of her age. She wrote it very fast because she was writing it in response to Giuseppe Passi’s condemnation of about women's defects. In an effort to effect social change, she argued that morally, intellectually, and other ways women are superior to men.
https://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/N/bo3643268.html -
The Invention of the Adding Machine (Inventions)
The Adding Machine was invented by 19-year-old French boy, Blaise Pascal. He made it help to his father, who was a clerk, with mathematical work. The Adding Machine changed drastically over the years and is now known as the calculator. It was impactful to the banking business which grew immensely during the Renaissance. Having a tool to make adding easier and faster was key to banking.
http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/addmachine.htm
