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Jun 24, 1400
Johan Gutenburg
He was the one that improved the Chinese printing press making it easier to print pages. He took the Latin bible and made a copy of it in German so people could actually read the bible.A moneylender named Johann Fust had loaned Gutenberg money to build his printing press. In 1455, Fust took Gutenberg to court the court was in favor of Fust and after Fust won he opened a shop and used Gutenberg's printing press and never gave him credit for the printing press. -
1415
perspective
Fillipo Brunelleschi was the person that invented perspective. After t Fillipo invented perspective helped artists create master pieces. Also people where able to make art more realistic to the human eye. -
Jan 1, 1449
Lorenzo de' Medici
Piero died on Dec. 5, 1469, and 2 days later the 20-year-old Lorenzo was asked by a delegation of eminent citizens to take control of the state. In 1472 he won the hearts of all Florentines by importing large amounts of grain after the bad harvest of that year threatened the population with disaster. The Pontiff was very displeased when Lorenzo's diplomacy achieved an alliance between Florence, Venice, and Milan, for such a combination was more than a match for the armies of the Church. -
Apr 15, 1452
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo's areas of interest are inventions, drawing, painting, sculpting, architecture, mathematics, botany. Leonardo had drawn sketches of an self-propelled cart, designs for a parachute, and many more. In 1472 Leonardo was accepted into the painters guild and he painted the Mona Lisa. -
Feb 29, 1468
Pope Paul iii
Pope Paul III Convenes First Session of Council of Trent to Deal With the Reformation. In September 1540, Pope Paul had given an official approval to the Jesuits.The Jesuits was a society of Jesus. However, he made a limit of 60 priests in one group.In march 1542, Pope Paul III had guarantied property rights for Jewish converting to Christianity or also known as Marranos, but forbidding them to have any contact with other Jews or converts -
1473
Scientific Method
Francis Bacon was the first to formalize the concept of a true scientific method, but he didn't do so in a vacuum. It's important to realize that the scientific method doesn't always go in a straight line of six steps. You might need to repeat several of the steps before finding an answer. Often, you'll need to do more than one or two experiments. -
Mar 6, 1475
Michelangelo
Michelangelo was first noticed in his 20s for his sculptures of Pietà (1499) and David (1501). The pope wanted him to paint at the Sistine Chapel and he went days with out sleep and had injured his leg after falling from the scaffolding. Michelangelo’s fame in his lifetime was that his career was more fully documented than that of any artist of the time or earlier. -
Feb 7, 1478
Thomas More
Thomas More is known for his book in 1516 called "Utopia" and for his untimely death in 1535.In 1532, More resigned from the House of Commons, citing poor health. In April,1534 the final straw came when More refused to swear to Henry's Act of Succession and the Oath of Supremacy. This amounted to More essentially refusing to accept the king as head of the Church of England. More was sent to the Tower of London and was found guilty of treason. -
1483
Raphael
Raphael is best known for his paintings of Madonna and his large figure compositions in the Palace of the Vatican in Rome. Raphael began painting at a young age and was trained under the Umbrian master Pietro Perugino. The Pope sent him to work on his private library, the paintings he made include ‘The School of Athens’, ‘The Parnassus’ and the ‘Disputa’. -
Nov 10, 1483
Martin Luther
In January 1521, the Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther. He was then summoned to appear at the Diet of Worms, an assembly of the Holy Roman Empire. He refused to recant and Emperor Charles V declared him an outlaw and a heretic. In 1534, Luther published a complete translation of the bible into German, underlining his belief that people should be able to read it in their own language. -
Jul 2, 1489
Thomas Cranmer
A plague forced Cranmer to leave Cambridge for Essex. He came to the attention of Henry VIII, who was staying nearby. The king and his Councillors found Cranmer a willing advocate for Henry's desired divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Cranmer argued the case as part of the embassy to Rome in 1530, and in 1532 became ambassador to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Cranmer was sent to Germany to learn more about Lutheranism. -
Jun 28, 1491
Henry VIII
In September, 1494 Prince Henry was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. His deputy was Sir Edward Poynings. In July 1995 Prince Henry began his formal education under the tutelage of John Skelton, Poet Laureate. He was taught to speak and write Latin and French and also taught a basic understanding of Italian and Spanish. He was also given lessons on deportment and etiquette. The treaty of Westminster Henry VIII and Ferdinand of Spain signed so that they would attack France before 1511 ended. -
1517
sale of indulgences
This highly complicated theological system, which was framed as a means to help people achieve their eternal salvation, easily lent itself to misunderstanding and abuse as early as the 13th century, much sooner than is usually thought. A principal contributing factor was money. Paralleling the rise of indulgences, the Crusades, and the reforming papacy was the economic resurgence of Europe that began in the 11th century. -
1543
Heliocentric Theory
Nicholas Copernicus (1472-1543) revived the heliocentric theory in the sixteenth century, after hundreds of years of building on Claudius Ptolemy’s (c. AD 90-168) geocentric cosmological model (“proving” Earth is at the center of the universe). He argued that the planets in order from the sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth (with the Moon orbiting it), Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. The celestial sphere with the stars is far beyond Saturn’s orbit. -
1545
Council of Trent
Prompted by the Reformation, the Council of Trent was highly important for its sweeping decrees on self-reform and for its dogmatic definitions that clarified virtually every doctrine contested by the Protestants. Despite internal strife and two lengthy interruptions, the council was a key part of the Counter-Reformation and played a vital role in revitalizing the Roman Catholic Church in many parts of Europe. -
Feb 22, 1561
Francis Bacon
Bacon's real interests lay in science. Much of the science of the period was based on the work of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle.. This held that scientific truth could be reached by way of authoritative argument: if sufficiently clever men discussed a subject long enough, the truth would eventually be discovered. Bacon challenged this, arguing that truth required evidence from the real world. -
1564
William Shakespeare
Around 1590, Shakespeare writes Henry VI, Part One—his very first play. Playwright Robert Greene pens a scathing critique of Shakespeare, calling him an "upstart crow" who doesn't belong with Greene's university-educated dramatist crowd. London theaters are closed due to an outbreak of bubonic plague that eventually kills about five percent of the city's residents. Shakespeare uses the break to write poetry -
Rene Descartes
So he traveled, joined the army for a brief time, saw some battles and was introduced to Dutch scientist and philosopher Isaac Beeckman, who would become for Descartes a very influential teacher. Descartes lived in the Netherlands for more than 20 years but died in Stockholm, Sweden, on February 11, 1650. He had moved there less than a year before, at the request of Queen Christina, to be her philosophy tutor. -
Isaac Newton
Newton enrolls in the Grantham Grammar School. In 1666 a fire in London. Outbreak of plague drives Newton to retire to his mother's home in Woolsthorpe. Newton conducts prism experiments, discovers spectrum of light; works out his system of "fluxions," precursor of modern calculus; begins to consider the idea of gravity. In 1712 Royal Society commission, under Newton's direction, investigates the competing claims of Leibniz and Newton to having developed calculus, and decides in favor of Newton. -
Humanism
Renaissance Humanism began in the later 13th century when Europeans' hunger for studying classical texts coincided with a desire to imitate those authors in style. They weren’t to be direct copies but drew on old models, picking up vocabulary, styles, intentions, and form. Each half needed the other: You had to understand the texts to take part in the fashion, and doing so drew you back to Greece and Rome.
