-
1100
Indulgences Began (The Catholic Church)
Indulgences began after the belief of purgatory started to spread. It was a way for the Catholic Church to make money off of their followers to build nice Chapels and Churches. An indulgence "supposable" granted a dead family member to be released from purgatory and could grant someone a free ticket to heaven.
Citations:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/indulgence
Reformation Summary & Comparison assignment -
1300
Nobility Class start--(Daily Life)
The Nobility class made up 2-3% of the population. A person was only born into Nobility. Nobels were allowed to have political jobs and for everything they did, they would be held to a great standar.
Citations:
Life During the Renaissance Notes -
1300
Townspeople Class start (Daily Life)
Townspeople added up to about 7-13% of the population. The townspeople were divided into 4 different sections or divisions. Patricians were usually in the banking or trade industry. Burghers made up the skilled workers industry. Workers helped keep all the other sections running. Lastly was unemployed that didn't do anything.
Citation:
Life During the Renaissance Notes -
1300
Peasants Class start (Daily Life)
Peasants make up most of the population at 85-90% total. Peasants were very similar to the Middle Age peasants. They worked farmland for very little pay. Peasants worked the hardest conditions and were at the bottom of all the classes. Many peasants became free in the late 1400s
Citations:
Life During the Renaissance Notes -
1360
Giovanni de Medici born (Patrons of the Arts)
Giovanni de' Medici was the first founder of the Medici banking industry. The industry went on to grow in wealth and power in Florence. The Medici actually ran the government using their influence and money. They sponsored many artists to become a patron of the arts.
Citations:
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Giovanni-de-Medici
World History Text Book pg(164) -
1378
Papal Schism start (The Catholic Church)
The Papal Schism is also known as the Western Schism. The Schism was a split within the Roman Catholic Church that started in 1378. At this time there was somehow 3 popes at the same time. The Schism finally ended in 1417.
Citations:
Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation Notes
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory/chapter/the-western-schism/ -
1410
Oil Paint technique invented (Inventions)
Although oil was seen way earlier than the Rennaisance, Jan Van Eyck is given credit for enhancing the technique. Jan Van Eyck was one of the first Northern artists to use oil paints. Oil paints changed art completely. Artists were able to create more realistic looking pieces than before. Oil paintings gave depth and allowed the artist to focus more on detail.
Citations:
http://cyberlipid.gerli.com/perox/oxid0011.htm
Artistic Movements of the Renaissance Notes -
1430
Northern Artistic Renaissance start (Renaissance Art)
Northern artists began to portray their art more realistically. Churches offered bigger walls so artists could create realistic frescos. Northern artists moved away from religion. Oil paintings became popular and showed off an even more realistic painting.
Citations:
https://www.theartstory.org/movement-northern-renaissance.htm
Artistic Movements of the Renaissance Notes -
1440
Printing Press invented (Inventions)
Johannes Gutenberg is given credit for inventing the printing press. The printing press allowed for papers of texts like books to be duplicated faster. This allowed books to be spread and also the newly translated Bible into German to spread like hot cakes. The printing press revolutionized the Renaissance.
Citations:
https://www.livescience.com/43639-who-invented-the-printing-press.html -
1443
On the Family published (Literary work)
On the Family is a Treatise written and published by Leon Battista Alberti. His best literary work was On the family. The work is about the functions and responsibilities of a family. It also explains how hard work and classical education are the keys to success. His biggest keyword in explaining the perfect family is "virtu".
Citations:
The humanistic Tradition Text Book MCGrawHillEducation -
1449
Lorenzo de' Medici born (Patrons of the Arts)
Lorenzo de' Medici aka Lorenzo the Magnificent was another influential Medici family member. He dominated Florence when it was the cultural center of Italy, which was during the peak of the Italian Rennaisance. Lorenzo was a big financial supporteer of the arts and aided many artists, such as Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.
Citations:
https://www.ducksters.com/history/renaissance/medici_family.php
World History Text Book pg(164) -
1475
Michelangelo Born (Renaissance Art)
Michelangelo Buonarroti is one of the great artists from the High Renaissance. He was known for his famous paintings and sculptures and his architect skills. His sculptures were detailed human figures that inspired people for 100's of years. He also painted frescoes on the Sistine Chapel ceiling and created the scaffold to reach the ceilings.
Citations:
Text Book pg(169,174)
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/michelangelo-born -
1483
Martin Luther Born (Martin Luther)
Martin Luther was born in Germany. After surviving a storm he promised to be a monk and he did. His teachings and ideas went against the Roman Catholic Church and completely changed the church. With his influence and followers, he created a new church to idealize a good connection with God.
Citations:
Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation Notes -
1495
Last Supper start (Renaissance Art)
A religious painting created by Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo da Vinci is said to be the greatest Renaissance man of all time and his artwork is a big example of that. It was a wall fresco that used some new techniques, including sfumato to make the painting smoky and Chiaroscuro to give the painting a linear perspective look.
Citations:
https://www.biography.com/people/leonardo-da-vinci-40396#videos
https://www.thoughtco.com/the-last-supper-700217 -
1503
Mona Lisa start (Renaissance Art)
The Mona Lisa is a casual portrait painted by Leonardo da Vinci. Considered one of the most unique paintings of the Italian Renaissance and arguably of all time. The new technique used is sfumato which gave the portrait a realistic smoky effect.
Citations:
World History Text Book
https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/leonardo-da-vinci -
1506
St. Peters Basilica start (The Catholic Church)
A huge church where the Pope went to church. It is still the largest church to the day. Began by Pope Julius II and completed under the rule of Paul V. Indulgences were used to raise money for the church.
Citations:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Saint-Peters-Basilica -
1510
Pocket Watch Invented (Inventions)
Peter Heinlein is the inventor of the pocket watch. Peter was a German inventor who brought the pocket watch to life. The first pocket watch was a bulky egg shape that could be worn around the neck. The watch moved the hand using little wheel gears and springs wound up. The first pocket watch had to be winded twice a day to keep the correct time and only had an hour hand.
Citations:
http://www.historyofwatch.com/watch-history/history-of-pocket-watches/ -
1512
The Creation of Adam, Fresco (Renaissance Art)
A painting technique using wet plaster and water paints. Gave an illusion of depth and also looked very realistic. Frescos were mostly done on wall surfaces. The Creation of Adam was a famous ceiling fresco done by Michelangelo.
Citations:
https://www.britannica.com/art/fresco-painting
Artistic Movements of the Renaissance Notes -
1517
Martin Luther wrote the 95 Theses (Martin Luther)
Martin Luther did not agree with the Roman Catholic Church at the time so he wrote the 95 Theses. After writing the 95 Theses he nailed them to the door of Wittenberg Cathedral for everyone to see. This helped him gain followers and also questioned the Pope's unholy ways.
Citations:
Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation Notes
https://www.history.com/topics/reformation/martin-luther-and-the-95-theses -
1518
The Book of the Courtier published (Literary work)
The Book of the Courtier was written by Baldassare Castiglione. The influence for the literary work was based off a conversation of fellow aristocrats. This work explains the perfect gentlemen of the Renaissance. A perfect man should strive to meet this standard. The piece also describes the perfect court lady.
Citations:
The Humanistic Tradition Text Book McGrawHillEducation -
1521
Martin Luther started translating Bible to German (Martin Luther)
At the time the Bible was written in Latin and common people could not read it. Popes and clergy members that taught followers from the Bible would often change the stories to fit as they saw it. Martin Luther did not like this false guidance and went on to translate the new testament of the Bible into German so everyone could read and understand it.
Citations:
https://www.museumofthebible.org/book/minutes/483
Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation Notes -
1543
Nicolaus Copernicus published Heliocentric theory (scientific discovery)
The Heliocentric theory states that Earth is a planet and that all planets circle around the sun. The sun is the center rather than what most people believed at the time to be the Earth. Scientist's for a long time that agreed and taught the theory were punished for going against the church's ideas of a God created Earth being the center.
Citations:
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/OrbitsHistory/page1.php -
1564
Galileo Galilei Born (scientific discovery)
Galileo Galilei was a modern age scientist and astronomer that made many discoveries to help aid to the knowledge of the solar system. He proved Copernicus's idea of a Heliocentric universe after facing some hate from the church. Galileo also studied laws of physics and figured out that the law of physics is the same in any object moving at a constant speed in a straight line.
Citations:
https://blogs.umass.edu/p139ell/2012/11/19/the-renaissance-and-the-scientific-revolution/ -
Microscope Invented (scientific discovery)
Zacharias Janssen was the creator of the microscope. The earliest microscope used glass lenses to magnify small objects. Although the first microscope was not very strong it did help influence better models that went on to discover microorganisms and small unknown organisms.
Citations:
https://prezi.com/mifxnxefmfp-/scientific-discoveries-and-inventions-of-renaissance-era/ -
The Nobility and Excellence of Women and the defects and Vices of Men published (Literary work)
A treatise written about men's flaws at the time. This piece was written by a feminist writer, Lucretia Marinella. Wrote about the acceptance and greatness of women and how men were sexist and flawed through lust, jealousy, and hatred. This was very bold and punishable work at the time, especially written by a woman.
Citations:
The Humanistic Tradition Text Book McGrawHillEducation
