Renaissance & Reformation

Simony

Jan 1, 801

Simony or paying your way into the church began all the way back in the 9th century. By doing this it would make you more wealthy and it would get you to a higher position in the church. This made things more unfair for people who wanted to be in the church but didn't have enough money to pay their way into it. (Martin Luther and Reformation PP Notes and http://historymedren.about.com/od/sterms/g/simony.htm)

Clothing

Jan 1, 1300

Clothing and fashion during the 1300's were important because it showed how wealthy you were or how much power you had. If you were wealthy you would wear many different materials and have many different layers. Women wore long, high-waisted dresses with gold jewelry and men wore tights with a t-shirt, coat, and hat as well. (Life During the Renaissance PP Notes)

Worship Relics

Jan 1, 1300

During the Renaissance, the catholic church collected relics which are important historical objects. They would make people pay to come see or worship one inside of the church. This was another way the church made money off the people. (Martin Luther and Reformation PP Notes)

Education

Jan 1, 1301

All education that started in 1301 was centered around religion and the main subjects were reading, writing, and math. Education was for middle-upper class boys and sometimes there would be an exception for a poor boy. The women weren't allowed to have an education because they were in charge of all the housework and taking care of the family. (Life During the Renaissance PP Notes and http://education14.blogspot.com/2008/11/viii-education-during-renaissance.html)

The Divine Comedy

Jan 1, 1308

The Divine Comedy is a poem about the soul's journey to salvation. In the poem, a man goes through an imaginary journey to Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven. Dante Alighieri wrote this poem in 1308 and was completed in 1320. (Artistic Movements of the Renaissance PP Notes)

Eyeglasses

Jan 1, 1352

They were invented in the 1300s by an unknown inventor. In 1352 people who wore glasses were the rich, well educated, and the Italian clergy. Once the printing press was invented in the 1400s eyeglasses became more of an important thing to have. Far-sighted glasses were invented first and then came near-sighted. (http://harleymaples.blogspot.com/p/flush-toliet.html)

The Canterbury Tales

Jan 1, 1387

These were a collection of stories wrote by Geoffrey Chaucer and told by 29 pilgrims going to the tomb of St. Thomas Beckett in Canterbury, England. St. Thomas Beckett was murdered by the followers of King Henry II after an argument over the church's power. They were written between 1387 and 1400. (Artistic Movements of the Renaissance PP Notes)

The Book of the City of Ladies

Jan 1, 1405

This book was written by Christine de Pizan. It argued that women would be just intelligent and successful as men, but they weren't given the same educational opportunities. This book was finished in 1405 and was known to be Christine's most famous work. (Artistic Movements of the Renaissance PP Notes)

The Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and Wife

Jan 1, 1434

The Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and Wife was painted by Jan van Eyck in 1434. In this painting, he symbolized wealth by adding some of the smallest details. For example, oranges because at that time only wealthy people could have them since they were so rare. (Renassiance Art perfomance task)

Cosimo Medici

Jan 1, 1434

Cosimo Medici was a very wealthy banker and a big patron of architecture, he loved the work of Michelozzo di Bartolomeo. He gave support to many artists and he appreciated their work. He took control of the city in 1434. (http://www.themedicifamily.com/Cosimo-de-Medici.html)

Basilica di San Lorenzo

Jan 1, 1470

Filippo Brunelleschi built the Basilica di San Lorenzo in Florence, Italy. He was the one who discovered how to build a dome structure. His architecture was inspired by classical Roman buildings. (Artistic Movements of the Renaissance PP Notes)

Lorenzo Medici

Jan 1, 1471

The Medici family had control of Florence from 1434-1737. They showed their support by funding artists and scientists. Lorenzo Medici was an important supporter of Leonardo di Vinci and he bought many of his artworks.
(Medici Reading and Review)

Spices

Jan 1, 1501

If you were a merchant or a noble you had access to certain spices because you were more wealthy than others. Spice trading was first brought to Europe in 1501. They would put the spices in soups or broths to give them extra flavor. (Life During the Renaissace PP Notes and https://www.britannica.com/topic/spice-trade)

The Watch

Jan 1, 1501

Peter Henlein invented the portable watch in 1501. It was smaller because he made it spring powered. This watch wasn't a pocket watch and the wrist watch wasn't invented until the 1800s. (chrome-extension://bpmcpldpdmajfigpchkicefoigmkfalc/views/app.html)

Mona Lisa

Jan 1, 1503

Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci, who was considered the master of "realistic painting". He was considered to be a Renaissance Man because he had many skills and he was good at multiple things. The Mona Lisa is known to be one of the most popular paintings in the world to this day and was a big influence for many reasons including fashion. (Artistic Movements of the Renaissance PP Notes and https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mona-Lisa-painting)

School of Athens

Jan 1, 1510

The School of Athens was painted by Raphael and on the back wall of the Vatican Palace. It represented balance, harmony, and order, which were very important pieces of Greek and Roman Art. (Artistic Movements of the Renaissance PP Notes)

The Creation

Jan 1, 1512

The Creation was painted by Michelangelo and it was his most famous fresco. It was part of the Sistine Chapel's ceiling. His theory was to create people with "perfect" proportions that reflect god-like beauty. (Artistic Movements of the Renaissance PP Notes)

Selling Indulgences

Jan 1, 1517

The Catholic Church began the selling of indulgences in 1517. If you bought an indulgence it meant you could free yourself or someone else from purgatory and send them straight to heaven. This is how the church earned money by using the people. (Martin Luther and Reformation PP Notes)

Printing Press

Oct 31, 1517

With the help of the printing press invention, Luther's 95 Theses had many copies all over. After people read Luther's writings they began to side with him and they were against the Catholic Church. (Martin Luther and Reformation PP Notes and http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/martin-luther-posts-95-theses)

Luther and the 95 Theses

Oct 31, 1517

Luther disagreed with some of the Catholic Church practices, so he created the 95 Theses. Once he was done writing it he nailed on the doors of the church. Then everyone read it and word got around real quick causing problems with the church. (Martin Luther and Reformation PP Notes)

Luther Excommunicated

Jan 1, 1521

Once Pope Leo X found out about Luther's 95 Theses he was very unhappy. He demanded that Luther would take back 41 of his 95 Theses. Luther refused and was to be excommunicated from the church in Janurary 1521. (Martin Luther and Reformation PP Notes)

Heliocentric Solar System

Jan 1, 1530

Nicolas Copernicus released his theory of a heliocentric solar system in the 1530s. It meant that the sun was the center of the solar system, not the earth. His book about it was banned by the Catholic Church even though it was a major discovery in science. (http://www.livescience.com/55230-renaissance.html)

Lunar Theory

Jan 1, 1595

Tycho Brahe studied the moon's movement in 1595. He discovered that the moon's swaying on its orbital plane compared to the ecliptic was not a constant 5 degrees and that it actually varies from 5 and 5 1/4 degrees. Since he figured that out he knew that there is swaying in the longitude of the lunar nodes. (https://www.famousscientists.org/tycho-brahe/)

Galileo Galilei

Jan 1, 1610

He did motion experiments on pendulums and falling objects. With the help of his experiments, it made life easy for Newton to discover many things about gravity and the laws of it. (http://www.livescience.com/55230-renaissance.html)

Submarine

Jan 1, 1624

Over 100 years before the submarine was invented Leonardo da Vinci made a drawing of the basic type of concept. In 1624 the submarine was actually invented by Cornelius van Drebbel. He was a Dutch inventor and engineer employed by the British navy. His invention was called a "rowboat", it was influenced by Leonardo and it could hold a maximum of 12 people. (http://harleymaples.blogspot.com/p/submarine.html)