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451
The Council of Chalcedon (START)
Who ? Emporer Marcian, Pope Leo The Great, Government officials, senators, Anatolius (Arpx. 520 people attended)
Achievements ? The council was able to confirm the single personality of Christ as both human and divine and was able to deny the teachings of both Heresys
When ? It was held on the 8th November 451 AD
Where ? Held at Chalcedon a city in Bithynia within the Asia Minor
Why ? To assert the Orthodox Catholic doctrine against the heresy of Eutyches and the Monophysites -
May 6, 1054
East-West Schism
Who ? The main people were: Patriarch Michael Cerularius and Pope Leo IX
Achievements ? The achievement of this event was that there was a successful split between the East and West Churches.
When ? It finally happened in 1054 when Pope Leo excommunicated the Patriarch and the Patriarchs excommunicated the Pope back.
Where ? The schism was between the cities Constantinople and Rome
Why ? Because there were disagreements on whether Constantinople would be the head of the Church or Rome. -
Oct 3, 1346
The Plague/The Black Death (START)
Who ? Most of Europe was infected by the Black Plague
Achievements ? The black plague killed about 30-60% of the European population and spawned the idea of indulgences
When ? The Black plague broke out in the 14th Century
Where ? The areas affected was most of Europe
How ? The Black Plague came from Mouse and the mouse traveled from Merchant ships and spread the disease throughout large cities, to escape the plague people fled to other places carrying the plague with them. -
May 3, 1517
The Reformation (START)
Who ? The main people involved were: Martin Luther, Pope Alexander VI, John Calvin, Ulrich Zwingli
Achievements ? The achievement was that the reformation was that it helped the people trust in the church again and the church become a much more pure and loving community
When ? From 1517 to 1648
Where ? The reformation spread through Europe, but except for Russia
Why ? To purify the church and to enforce a belief that the Bible, not tradition, should be the sole source of spiritual authority -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther’s Publication of 95 Theses
Who ? Martin Luther
Achievements ? These Letters started the Protestant Reformation
When ? 1517 on the 31st of October
Where ? Wittenburg which was located in Germany
Why ? The letters were publicated to show that the churches teachings were flawed. -
Dec 13, 1545
The Council of Trent (Start)
Who ? The main people involved were: Paul III, Julius III, Pius IV (About 255 people attended)
Achievements ? The achievements from the council were: Catholic Unity Maintained, Church united (unlike Protestants), Most abuses corrected
When ? From 1545 to 1563
Where ? The council of Trent was held inTrento and Bologna located in Northern Italy
Why ? To address abuses in the Church and to clarify Catholic teaching to meet the Protestant challenges. -
Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
Who ? The main people involved were: Charles V, Forces of the Schmalkaldic League
Achievements ? The achievements were that the people and Royalty of Europe had more freedom towards Religion,
When ? 25th September 1555
Where ? Augsburg which is located in Germany
Why ? To stop the sturggle between two fractions. (This stopped slaughters and wars between the two fractions). -
The First Vatican Council (Start)
Who ? The main people involved were: Pope Pius IX (744 people attended)
When ? From 1869 to 1870
Where ? The events took place in: St. Peter's Basilica
Purpose ? The purpose was to deal with contemporary problems. Which were Rationalism, Liberalism, Materialism, inspiration of Scripture and Papal infallibillity -
The Second Vatican Council (START)
Who ? Pope John XXIII, Pope Paul VI (2,625 people attended)
Achievements ? The Second Vatican council Established The Dogmatic constitution, Acknowledged other Christian denominations and non-Christian religions and recognised that they had spiritual validity.
When ? From 1962 to 1965
Where ? Saint Peter's Basilica
Why ? Renewal self-understanding of the Church, relationships to other Christian traditions. Another reason was Aggiornamento of the Catholic Church
