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Period: 1500 to
Maps Become More Detailed.
During the 1500's and 1600's, maps were beginning to become significantly more detailed. Gerardus Mercator attempted to create the first map of a spherical Earth on a flat surface. He did so by keeping lines of longitude and latitudes straight, but changing the sizes and distorting objects near the equator. This map helped ship navigators to chart courses. This also inspired people to even further develop maps to be more accurate (GIS Lounge). -
Period: 1533 to 1558
Princess Elizabeth's Childhood
Princess Elizabeth's father, Henry VIII wanted a male heir to his throne. Elizabeth's mother was never able to produce a son. So Henry had her executed under charges of incest and treason when Elizabeth was only three. Henry VIII then declared Elizabeth and her older half-sister Mary illegitimate. They both then lived much of their early childhood exiled by their father. It was once Henry married his final wife, Catherine Parr, that Elizabeth's childhood got better (New World Encyclopedia). -
Period: 1533 to
Princess Elizabeth's Childhood Continued
While Elizabeth was away from home, she received a very good education from several governesses including Katherine "Kat" Champerrowne, who was appointed at 4. Catherine Parr eventually married Elizabeth's father, and welcomed her back into the home. Eventually, Henry VIII passed away and Elizabeth's half brother became King Edward. Lady Jane Grey succeeded him, against the Act of Succession. After two weeks, Elizabeth's half sister, Mary, became queen of England (New World Encyclopedia). -
Sep 7, 1533
Elizabeth I was born
Elizabeth was born in Greenwich England at the Palace of Placentia on September 7th, 1533. She was born to King Henry VIII of England and Anne Boleyn. Her father needed an heir to the English throne and wanted a boy. Elizabeth already had one step-sister, Mary. Their father was disappointed that Elizabeth came out as a girl andcharged his wife with adultery and treason. She was found guilty and beheaded when Elizabeth was only two years old(biography.com). -
Sep 28, 1542
Spanish Arrive in California
On September 28th, 1542, Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo and his crew entered the San Diego Bay. This would make them the first Europeans to visit California. When they arrived, the land was already occupied by many diverse groups of Native People. This led to the colonization of the west coast of North America and the development of the Spanish Empire (National Park Service). -
1556
Tobacco was brought to Europe
Tobacco was first brought to mainland Europe in 1556 when it was brought to France. It quickly grew in popularity for smoking. In addition to smoking, it also because popular in medicine, as it was thought to be a cure for many major illnesses. This caused for tobacco to become more mainstream. It would stick around for hundreds of years right up to the twentieth century when people began to not use it as much (The European Tobacco Trade). -
1559
Queen Elizabeth's Early Reign
Just ten days after her coronation, Queen Elizabeth held her first Parliament. During that meeting, she passed the Act of Supremacy which made the Church of England the State Church and the English Prayer book was adopted (Book of Famous Queens). The previous Archbishop of England had died hours after Queen Mary; this made Elizabeth ask Matthew Parker, her mothers Champlain to take the position (New World Encyclopedia). -
Period: 1559 to
Queen Elizabeth's Mannerisms During Rule Continued
Elizabeth was very temperamental. She did not always agree with Parliament and would often times express her anger by simply dissolving it, should they ever have an issue. She also cared a lot for her people. After her coronation, she said to a judge; "You have my people. Do you that which I ought to do. They cannot avenge themselves, nor help themselves. See unto them, for they are my charge. I care not for myself; my life is not dear to me. My care is for my people" (Book of Famous Queens). -
Period: 1559 to
International Affairs
Queen Elizabeth never left England during her lifetime, but still maintained good international relations. She did have a few issues with other countries, however. In 1564 Elizabeth's cousin, Mary Stuart of Scotland declared that she should be Queen of England. Elizabeth aided the Huguenots in a religious war which eventually drove Mary away from the crown. There were several other conflicts and plots against her, most of them revolved around taking the crown from her (New World Encyclopedia). -
Period: 1559 to
Queen Elizabeths Accomplishments During her Reign
During her reign, Queen Elizabeth made quite a few significant accomplishments. She made way for significant overseas expansion for England. She also defeated the Spanish Armada which proved the strength of England's Navy. In addition, she remained in power over many great advisors who helped her put in place the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity(1559), the Thirty-Nine Articles(1563), among others. She was certainly a queen for the people and was fair to everyone (Linda Alchin). -
Period: 1559 to
Queen Elizabeth's Mannerisms During Rule
Queen Elizabeth never married, but during her reign there were several suitors that tried to marry her. She hated the subject of marriage, and once when parliament brought it up, she took off her coronation ring and said "When I received this ring I solemnly bound myself in marriage to the realm." She came very close to marrying a few people, but never fully committed and always backed out. She was devoted to her country (A Book of Famous Queens). -
Jan 15, 1559
Princess Elizabeth's Coronation
Princess Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth I of England on January 15, 1559. Her coronation took place at Westminster Abbey in London, England. When visiting the tower of London, she said, "Some have fallen from being princes in this land to be prisoners in this place. I am raised from being prisoner in this place to be a prince of this land: so I must yield myself thankful to God and merciful to man, in remembrance of the same"(Book of Famous Queens). Owen Oglethorpe crowned her (New World E.). -
1563
The Bubonic Plague
The Bubonic Plague was a deadly sickness that had outbreaks in England several times over the 16th and 17th centuries. The first time it happened was around 1563, but the most significant outbreak was in 1665. Almost 100,000 people died, and it ended with the Great Fire of London which killed a lot of the rodents and insects that carried the bacteria (The Bubonic Plague). -
Feb 24, 1582
Gregorian Calendar was Introduced
On February 24th, 1582 Pope Gregory XIII introduced a new calendar. Named after Pope Gregory, it was called the Gregorian Calendar. It was based off of new astronomical discoveries and developments. It consisted of twelve months, 365 day year, with the exception of leap years which has 366 days. This calendar reform was the only one since Julius Caesar made a reform in year 46. This calendar is still used today (New Catholic Encyclopedia Supplement 2010). -
Shakespeare's Plays
In 1590, Shakespeare's Henry VI was written. His plays became models for modern literature. He often times created new forms of grammar and vocabulary that stuck around and are still used today. His plays appealed to everyone when they were written because they were realistic and true; everyone could relate to them. They were influential and are still being studied to this day (The Importance of Shakespeare). -
Queen Elizabeth's later years
Queen Elizabeth became less popular because during her reign she had been feeding into royal monopolies. After her "Golden Speech" in which she promised to change many things, she ended 12 of the monopolies. She had also fought several wars and rebellions. One of which, the Battle of Yellow Ford, ended with a series of truces. Once those truces expired though, England experienced the worst defeat in Ireland ever. Now the concern was who would succeed Queen Elizabeth I (New World Encyclopedia). -
Effects of Queen Elizabeth's Reign
Queen Elizabeth I was always loved by her people. In her Golden Speech in 1601 she said "This I account the glory of my crown, that I have reigned with your loves." During her reign she made Protestantism England's main religion. She also made a stable government the people could rely on. Unfortunately though, she often avoided making difficult decisions, that paved the way for problems down the road. Overall, though, she was a fantastic ruler that did a lot of good things for her country (BBC). -
Queen Elizabeth Passes Away
Queen Elizabeth passed away on March 24th, 1603 at Richmond Palace in Surrey. Some people believe that the makeup she used to make her skin look pale and smooth, which was made of white lead and vinegar, could have affected her health and led to her quick decline and death (biography.com).
