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Dec 11, 1533
Queen Elizabeth was Born
Elizabeth was born into the Tudor House. Her father was Henry VIII, and her mother was Anne Boleyn, who was executed later. Her father had six wives total. (Adams) -
Jun 9, 1534
Discovery of the St. Lawrence River
The St. Lawrence River was dDiscovered by Jacques Cartier (Wetterau 7). He was sent by Francis I of France to explore lands in North America. There, at the gulf of the river, Cartier found fertile land (History.com). -
May 12, 1536
Mother Executed and Elizabeth is Declared Illegitimate
Elizabeth's mother, Anne Boleyn, had been tried for adultery and incest (Alchin) in 1536. The same year she had been beheaded, and Henry remarried, to Jane Seymour who gave birth to his first son Edward, dying 12 days later (Adams). Later, on July 1 of the same year, Elizabeth and her sister Mary were declared illegitimate, meaning they were no longer able to assume the throne. (Byers 263) -
Dec 19, 1539
1st Print Shop Opens
The first shop opened in Mexico City in 1539 (Watterau 201). The area had been colonized by Spain, and this colonization occured before England settled in the Americas. Other publishing houses in Spain had been producing religious works during this time (CambridgeHistoy.org). -
Dec 19, 1543
Anatomy Textbook Published
"De Humani Corporis Fabrica" was the first accurate publication of an anatomy book (Watterau 385). The name meaning "On the Fabric of the Human Body." This was a detailed account of human anatomy, and became the basis of modern medical arts (Northwestern). -
Dec 19, 1551
Five- Volume Animal Encyclopedia is Published
This book was published by Konrad Von Gesner, and it became the origin of zoology (Wetterau 385). His publishing improved upon earlier findings. This book not only contained true animals, but mythical ones as well (The Encyclopedia.com). -
Dec 13, 1558
Elizabeth Becomes Queen
Elizabeth became queen after the death of her older sister Mary who had died in 1558. Mary had succeeded Edward VI, Elizabeth's brother, in 1553 after he had died o ftuberculosis. (Alchin). Mary's reign was very unsuccessful, and after Mary's death, Elizabeth assumed the throne at 25 years of age. (Adams) -
Dec 13, 1559
Signed the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis
Queen Elizabeth had signed this treaty, which ended the French's 60 year conflict with Spain. This was signed also by Henry II of France and Philip II of Spain. England had been dragged into the mix, when it had sided with France during one of the French and Spainish battles. (The Columbia Encyclopedia) -
Dec 20, 1559
Head of Church of England
In 1559, Elizabeth became the head of the Church of England (Alchin). The church's history dates back to Roman times. When Elizabeth was the head, she helped give the church its identity (ChurchofEngland.org). -
Dec 19, 1575
Publishing of Dentistry Book
The first book of Dentistry was first published by the French surgeon Ambroise Pare. In it he talks about teeth implancts and the treatment of cavities by cauterizing with acid (Watterau 366). Pare was trained as a barber, and mastered dentistry (The College Library). -
Arrival at Roanoke
Queen Elizabeth had granted Walter Ralegh a patent to colonize in America. In 1584, Ralegh had decided that Roanoke would be the place for colonization. They then arrived at Roanoke in 1587, and after a shortage of food, John White (he brought the people to Roanoke) returned to England and then to Roanoke to find that the colony had disappeared (RMG). -
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada threatened England after England had taken supported Protestants, who rebelled agains Philip II of Spain. Elizabeth I sent a fleet to defeat the armada, and rode into the army camp to rally her troops. In the end, The Spanish fleet was defeated by the English fleet with the help of poor weather (Beck 432). -
Compound Microscope Invented
The compound microscope was invented in 1590 (Watterau 180). It was invented by Anton van Leeuwenhoek, who was a Dutch scientist. He is best known for his improvment of the microscope (History of the Microscope). -
Grant for East India Compony
Elizabeth gave a grant to 218 merchants for trade in the Cape of Good Hope. The creation of this company was the model for future trade companies to come. This also helped create the "Modern World" (The Economist). -
Death of Robert Devereux
Though Elizabeth had never married, she had a few suitors. Among those were Robert Dudley and Robert Devereux. Dudly and her relationship was kept solely to friends because the noblemen disapproved. Devereux, was favored by Elizabeth, until he rebelled against her and he was executed (Adams). It is believed that his death hastened her death (Alchin) -
Queen Elizabeth Died
Elizabeth had died of blood poisoning at the age of 70. It is believed that her death was due to the white face makeup she wore. The makeup contained white lead, which was is very poisonous. (Alchin)
