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a German scientist who was the first person to be referred to as a
psychologist. -
The first American psychologist who espoused a different perspective on how psychology should operate.
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To understand the structure or characteristics of the mind
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To study the function of behavior in the world without any outside disturbances.
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Three German psychologists who immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century to escape Nazi Germany. These men are credited with introducing psychologists in the United States to various Gestalt principles.
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impacts on individuals and social psychology, yet the effects of culture on psychology.
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An Austrian neurologist who was fascinated by patients suffering
from “hysteria” and neurosis. -
Focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious, as well as early
childhood experiences, and this particular perspective dominated clinical psychology for several decades. -
observing and controlling behavior
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Pavlov studied a form of learning behavior called a conditioned reflex, in which an animal or human produced a reflex (unconscious) response to a stimulus.
Watson preferred to focus directly on observable behavior and try to bring that behavior under control.
Skinner spoke of reinforcement and punishment as major factors in driving behavior. -
Emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.
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American psychologist who is best known for proposing a hierarchy
of human needs in motivating behavior. -
emphasized the potential for good that exists within all people
