-
Wilhelm Wundt
a German scientist who was the first person to be referred to as a
psychologist. -
William James
The first American psychologist who espoused a different perspective on how psychology should operate. -
structuralism
To understand the structure or characteristics of the mind -
functionalism
To study the function of behavior in the world without any outside disturbances. -
Wertheimer, Koffka,and Kohler
Three German psychologists who immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century to escape Nazi Germany. These men are credited with introducing psychologists in the United States to various Gestalt principles. -
multicultural psychology
impacts on individuals and social psychology, yet the effects of culture on psychology. -
Sigmund Freud
An Austrian neurologist who was fascinated by patients suffering
from “hysteria” and neurosis. -
Psychoanalytic theory
Focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious, as well as early
childhood experiences, and this particular perspective dominated clinical psychology for several decades. -
behaviorism
observing and controlling behavior -
Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner
Pavlov studied a form of learning behavior called a conditioned reflex, in which an animal or human produced a reflex (unconscious) response to a stimulus.
Watson preferred to focus directly on observable behavior and try to bring that behavior under control.
Skinner spoke of reinforcement and punishment as major factors in driving behavior. -
Humanism
Emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans. -
Abraham Maslow
American psychologist who is best known for proposing a hierarchy
of human needs in motivating behavior. -
Carl Rogers
emphasized the potential for good that exists within all people
