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Psychology of the 20th Century

By melodylarkin

  • Sigmund Freud publishes "Interpretation of Dreams."

    Sigmund Freud publishes "Interpretation of Dreams."
    Sigmund Freud, one of the best known contributors to modern psychology, published his classic work "Interpretation of Dreams". This book is still used today in dream interpretation and helped to develop the psychoanalytic theory and the role of the unconscious mind in dreams.
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    Important Psychological Events and People of the 20th Century

  • Mary Whiton Calkins is elected the first woman president of the American Psychological Association.

    Mary Whiton Calkins is elected the first woman president of the American Psychological Association.
    Mary Whiton Calkins was an American psychologist who earned a doctorate degree in psychology from Harvard University, although they refused to grant it to her because she was a woman. Despite this setback, she became the first female president of the APA.
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  • Alfred Binet introduces the intelligence test

    Alfred Binet introduces the intelligence test
    When Alfred Binet was asked to identify students who needed educational assistance, he developed the first IQ test, named the Binet-Simon Scale. When the test was brought to American, Stanford University psychologist Lewis Terman took Binet's original test and standardized it and called it the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, which is used today.
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  • Ivan Pavlov publishes his findings on classical conditioning

    Ivan Pavlov publishes his findings on classical conditioning
    Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist best known in psychology for his discovery of classical conditioning. During his studies on the digestive systems of dogs, Pavlov noted that the animals salivated naturally upon the presentation of food, and soon also salivated at the white lab coat because it meant food was coming.
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  • John B. Watson publishes "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views"

    John B. Watson publishes "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views"
    Watson believed that psychology should primarily be scientific observable behavior. His lecture "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views" helped establish the concept of behaviorism. He is also known for his "Little Albert" experiment, where he conditioned a small child to fear a white rat by repeatedly pairing it with a loud, frightening clanging noise.
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  • Jean Piaget publishes "The Moral Judgment of Children."

    Jean Piaget publishes "The Moral Judgment of Children."
    Piaget became the foremost cognitive theorist when he published his work "The Moral Judgment of Children." He is most famously known for his theory of cognitive development that looked at how children develop intellectually throughout the course of childhood.
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  • Nathaniel Kleitman discovers REM sleep

    Nathaniel Kleitman discovers REM sleep
    Nathaniel Kleitman, known as the father of modern sleep research from the University of Chicago, discovered rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which founded modern sleep research.
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  • Abraham Maslow publishes "Motivation and Personality"

    Abraham Maslow publishes "Motivation and Personality"
    Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist best known as one of the founders of humanistic psychology and for his famous hierarchy of needs. "Motivation and Personality" described his theory of a hierarchy of needs.
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  • Harry Harlow publishes "The Nature of Love"

    Harry Harlow publishes "The Nature of Love"
    "The Nature of Love" describes Harlow’s experiment involving giving young rhesus monkeys a choice between two different "mothers", one made of soft cloth, but provided no food; the other made of wire, but provided food. The baby monkey only left the cloth "mother" when they needed to eat.
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  • Albert Bandura conducts Bobo doll experiment

    Albert Bandura conducts Bobo doll experiment
    Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment, in which child behavior is described as a construct of observation, imitation, and modeling, emphasized the importance of observational learning.
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  • B. F. Skinner publishes his book "Beyond Freedom and Dignity"

    B. F. Skinner publishes his book "Beyond Freedom and Dignity"
    In this work he promoted his own philosophy of science and what he called cultural engineering. The book became a New York Times bestseller.
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  • Stanley Milgram publishes "Obedience to Authority"

    Stanley Milgram publishes "Obedience to Authority"
    Stanley Milgram publishes "Obedience to Authority" which describes the findings of his famous obedience experiments. His research demonstrated how far people are willing to go to obey authority. His experiments are also remembered for their ethical issues, which contributed to changes in how experiments can be performed today.
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  • Noam Chomsky publishes "On Nature, Use, and Acquisition of Language"

    Noam Chomsky publishes "On Nature, Use, and Acquisition of Language"
    Noam Chomsky, a linguist and political activist, argues that language acquisition is an innate structure, or function, of the human brain. This is referred to as a language acquisition device.
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