Protestant Reformation

Reformation

Period: 1000 to 1700

Indulgences

1095

The indulgences were based on a belief purification after death where your soul would go under temporary suffering before entering heaven. The indulgences could be obtained by various means, such as charitable acts or financial contributions to the church. In my opinion I think that the indulgences were important to the reformation because they gave people a reason to believe that if they just put all their life funds into the church they would go to heaven.

The Printing Press

1436

The printing press was made in 1436 by Johannes Gutenberg to help people share ideas during the renaissance. It also helped make more affordable books, religious ideas and most important it wrote the Bible in english for the people who didn't speak latin.I think the printing press effected the reformation because it showed people the ideas and works of the church which changed people's perspective on them.

The Inquisition

1478

The inquisition was made in response to the spread of heretical movements, such as catharism and waldensianism, which challenged the authority of the Catholic church. It's main goal was to prosecute and eliminate heresy within Christian communities. I believe this was important to the reformation because it changed some peoples perspectives of the Catholics which made them challenge the church.

Pope Leo X

1513

Pope Leo X was the head of the Catholic church in 1513 til his death in 1521. He was often associated with the sales of indulgences. Even though he faced bad political challenges such as the ruse if Martin Luther and the protestant movement, he still made significant contributions such as the rebuilding of St.Peters Basilica in Rome and supported artist like Michelangelo. I think He contributed to the reformation in a good way because he helped lead recover Rome during political challenges.

The 95 theses

Nov 17, 1517

The 95 theses was a set of opinions written against the church by Martin Luther in 1517. These were documents that supposedly granted forgiveness of sins and reduced time in purgatory. I believe the 95 theses were important to the reformation because he showed people all his beliefs against the church and how he believes that you don't need to follow the churches exact rules to get into heaven.

John Calvin

1536

John Calvin was born in 1509. He was known for shaping reformed theology, also known as calvinism. He really acknowledged the importance of education and had a lasting impact on protestant christianity. I think that he was an important part of the reformation because he was against some if the catholics beliefs and had a huge impact on christianity.

The Jesuits

1540

The jesuits formally known as the society of jesus, is a religious order within the catholic church. It was founded by the Ignatius of Loyola in 1540. They were primarily committed to education, social justice, and spiritual formation that had a lasting impact on the churches and the world. The jesuits were important to the reformation because they educated the people the way they wanted.

Henry Vlll

1547

Henry Vlll was one of the most notable monarchs in england ruling from 1509 until his death. He was born in 1491 and died in 1547. He was mostly known for transforming England into a protestant nation and sufficiently made the course of european history. He is also known for his huge appetite and the fact he had six wives.

The Peace of Augsburg

1555

The peace of augsburg was a treaty signed in 1555 in the of Augsburg Germany. It brought a end to the religious conflicts between catholics and protestant factions in the holy roman empire. This meant that each holy romans empire had the authority to determine the religion of his own territory. How ever the treaty did not extend religious freedom to all individuals. I think the treaty was an important part of the reformation because it wanted to stop the conflicts between two countries.

Council of Trent

1563

The council of trent was a council held between a number of different churches that took place between 1545 and 1563 in Italy. It provided a unified response to the challenges posed by the protestant reformation and helped better build catholic doctrine and practice. I think the council of trent was an important part of the reformation because it helped build the catholic community through the reformation.

Humanism

1570

Humanism is when people acknowledge the worth of human beings and the importance of critical thinking, scientific inquiry, and evidence based reasoning. It values the human rights, equality and social justice. It was characterized by the studies of classic greek, roman literature and art. I know humanism is important to the reformation because as people read the bible they started to question the church which they never liked.

St.Bartholomews day massacre

Aug 24, 1572

The St. Bartholomew day massacre is an event that took place in france on August 24 1572, that targeted and attacked the protestant huguenots by the catholic authorities which cause a lot of lives to be lost. They killed a range from several to ten thousand which last about 2 months. I think that the St. Bartholomews day massacre was an important part of the reformation because this group of people target the huguenots because of their beliefs.

The Edict of Nantes

1598

The edict of nantes was an order issued by KIng Henry lV of France in 1598 that aimed to bring an end to religious conflicts between the catholics and the protestants. It served as a model for future religious tolerance policies in other countries. Once again I think this had importance to the reformation because it was an act to stop the conflicts between religious groups and it somewhat did but they only were able to stop the conflict for a period amount of time.

Elizabeth l

1603

Elizabeth l was born in 1544 and died in 1603 she was the queen of England from 1558 until her death. She was the daughter of Henry Vll and was described as one of the greatest monarchs in England history. She was known for her intelligence, political acumen and diplomacy. She helped guide England through a period of remarkable cultural and political development. I know that Elizabeth had a huge effect on the reformation because she helped the economy and country through a rough period of time.