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Programming Languages
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Plankalkul
o Developed in 1943-1945 by Konrad Zuse
o Designed for engineering purposes and was the first high level programming language to be designed for a computer. -
Fortran
o Developed in 1957 by a small IBM team lead by John Backus
o The world’s first high level language and is used for large-scale numerical calculation in science and engineering, and allows programmers to create subroutines and functions that encourages the re-use of code. -
MATH-MATIC
o Developed by Grace Hopper, and a group led by Charles Katz in 1957
o A compiler for the UNIVAC I and UNIVAC II and was intended as an improvement over Fortan. It was the first English-language business data processing compiler. -
Lisp
o Developed in 1958 by John McCarthy
o Originally designed for practical mathematical notation for computer programs and is now used as the language for artificial intelligence research. -
COBOL
o Developed in 1959 by the conference on Data Systems Languages
o Stands for Common Business Oriented Language
o Designed for the development of business and is usually fire-oriented and applications. They are very large and long-lived. -
RPG
o Developed in 1959 by IBM
o Stands for Report Program Generator
o It is a high-level programming language (HLL) for business applications. It is a tool to replicate punched card processing. -
BASIC
o Developed in 1964 by Thomas Kurtz and John Kemeny.
o Stands for Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
o Originally designed to be an interactive mainframe timesharing language but is often used for teaching purposes for the introduction of programming. -
LOGO
o Developed in 1967 by Daniel G. Bobrow, Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert, and Cynthia Solomon
o Designed originally for the purpose of teaching concepts of programming, especially in Lisp, in which commands for movement and drawing produced line graphics either on screen or with a small robot called a turtle. -
PASCAL
o Developed in 1968-1969 by Niklaus Wirth
o Designed as a small and efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring. -
B
o Developed in 1969 by K.M. Ritchie and K.L. Thompson
o Designed for non-numeric applications (system programming), complex logical decision-making, and processing of integers, characters, and bit strings -
C
o Developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie of Bell Laboratories
o Designed as a compiler for the UNIX operating system and is a procedure-based language -
ML
o Developed in 1973 by Robin Milner and others at University of Edinburgh
o Stands for metalanguage
o Developed for proof tactics in the LCF theorem prover and can automatically infer the types of most expressions without requiring explicit type annotations -
SQL
o Developed in 1973 by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce at IBM
o Stands for Structured Query Language
o Designed for managing data or for stream processing held in a relational database management system. It consists of a data definition language, data manipulation language, and a data control language. -
ADA
o Developed in 1980 by a team lead by Dr. Jean Ichibiah, later enhanced by Mr. Tucker Taft
o Designed for large, long-lived application, and embedded systems
o ADA 95- first international standardized Object-Oriented Language -
C++
o Developed in 1983 by Bjarne Stroustrup
o Designed to add an object-oriented program component to the C language including classes, inheritance, inlining, default function arguments, and type checking along with all the feature of the existing C language. -
Python
o Developed in 1991 by Guido Van Rossum
o Designed to emphasize code readability and programmers could express concepts in fewer lines than other languages. IT supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming/procedural styles. -
Visual Basic
o Developed in 1991 by Microsoft
o Designed to let programmers create applications using the components provided in the Visual Basic program itself. -
Delphi
o First released in 1995 by Borland
o Designed as an integrated development environment that has compilers that use Object Pascal for the Windows platform. -
Java
o Developed in 1995 by James Gosling and Sun Microsystems
o An object-oriented language that has as few implementation dependencies as possible that it could be run on many platforms. -
Javascript
o Developed in 1995 by Brendan Eich
o Designed as a high level, dynamic, untyped, and interpreted language that is one of the essential components for the World Wide Web that is used for many websites and browsers. -
PHP
o Developed in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf
o Originally stood for Personal Home Page but now stands for Hypertext Preprocessor
o A server-side scripting language that was designed for web development but it is also used as a general-purpose language. Usually combined with an interpreter in the web server and executes the PHP code