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Ada Lovelace: Primer lenguaje de programación para la Máquina Analítica de Charles Babbage
El primer lenguaje de programación se desarrollói en 1883 cuando Ada Lovelace y Charles Babbage trabajaron juntos en el Analytical Engine, un ordenador mecánico primitivo. Lovelace fue capaz de discernir la importancia de los números, dándose cuenta de que podían representar más que el valor numérico de las cosas. Lovelace escribió un algoritmo para el Analytical Engine: el primer programa de ordenador, destinado a la computación de los números de Bernoulli. -
Primer uso de lenguaje de ensamblador
Assembly fue originalmente usado como un tipo de lenguaje de programación que pudiera simplificar el código máquina, necesario para transmitirle al ordenador lo que debe hacer. -
Autucode: el primer lenguaje de programación compilado
Alick Glennie desarrolla Autocode, considerado el primer lenguaje de programación compilado, lo que significa que podía ser traducido directamente a código máquina. -
IPL (forerunner to LISP)
Information Processing Language is a programming language created by Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, and Herbert A. Simon at RAND Corporation and the Carnegie Institute of Technology. The code includes features intended to help with programs that perform simple problem solving actions such as lists, dynamic memory allocation, data types, recursion, functions as arguments, generators, and cooperative multitasking. IPL invented the concept of list processing, albeit in an assembly-language style. -
FLOW-MATIC (led to COBOL)
FLOW-MATIC, originalmente conocido como B-0 (Business Language versión 0), fue el primer lenguaje de procesamiento de datos similar al inglés. Desarrollado por UNIVAC I en el Remington Rand bajo la dirección de Grace Hopper, y contribuyó a dar forma al futuro desarrollo de COBOL. -
John Backus crea FORTRAN
John Backus crea FORTRAN, un lenguaje de programación centrado en proyectos científicos, matemáticos y estadísticos. -
COMTRAN (precursor to COBOL)
COMTRAN (COMmercial TRANslator) is an early programming language developed at IBM. It was intended as the business programming equivalent of the scientific programming language FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslator). It served as one of the forerunners to the COBOL language. Developed by Bob Bemer, in 1957, the language was the first to feature the programming language element known as a picture clause. -
Algol: Precursos de Java y C
Algol fue creado como un lenguaje algorítmico. También precursor de lenguajes de programación como Java y C. -
John McCarthy crea LISP
John McCarthy creó LISP, aún en uso hoy día. Este lenguaje de programación fue diseñado para usarlo en proyectos de investigación de inteligencia artificial, pudiendo hoy utilizarse con Python y Ruby. -
RPG
RPG is a high-level programming language for business applications, introduced in 1959 for the IBM 1401. It is most well known as the primary programming language of IBM's midrange computer product line, including the IBM i operating system. RPG has traditionally featured a number of distinctive concepts, such as the program cycle, and the column-oriented syntax. The most recent version is RPG IV, which includes a number of modernization features, including free-form syntax. -
Grace Murray crea COBOL
Desarrollado por la doctora Grace Murray Hopper con el objetivo de crear un lenguaje de programación universal que pudiera ser usado en cualquier ordenador y que estuviera orientado a la informática de gestión. Se utiliza principalmente en sistemas comerciales, financieros y administrativos para empresas y gobiernos. La mayor parte de la programación en COBOL ahora es puramente para mantener las aplicaciones existentes. -
FACT (forerunner to COBOL)
FACT is an early discontinued computer programming language, created by the Datamatic Division of Minneapolis Honeywell for its model 800 series business computers in 1959. FACT was an acronym for "Fully Automatic Compiling Technique". It was an influence on the design of the COBOL programming language. Some of the design of FACT was based on the linguistic project Basic English, developed about 1925 by C.K. Ogden. -
ALGOL 60
ALGOL 60 (short for Algorithmic Language 1960) is a member of the ALGOL family of computer programming languages. It followed on from ALGOL 58 which had introduced code blocks and the begin and end pairs for delimiting them, representing a key advance in the rise of structured programming. ALGOL 60 was the first language implementing nested function definitions with lexical scope. It gave rise to many other programming languages, including CPL, Simula, BCPL, B, Pascal, and C. -
APL
APL (named after the book A Programming Language) is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson. Its central datatype is the multidimensional array. It uses a large range of special graphic symbols to represent most functions and operators, leading to very concise code. It has been an important influence on the development of concept modeling, spreadsheets, functional programming, and computer math packages. It has also inspired several other programming languages. -
SNOBOL
SNOBOL ("StriNg Oriented and symBOlic Language") is a series of programming languages developed between 1962 and 1967 at AT&T Bell Laboratories by David J. Farber, Ralph E. Griswold and Ivan P. Polonsky, culminating in SNOBOL4. It was one of a number of text-string-oriented languages developed during the 1950s and 1960s; others included COMIT and TRAC. -
Simula
Simula is the name of two simulation programming languages, Simula I and Simula 67, developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo, by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard. Syntactically, it is an approximate superset of ALGOL 60, and was also influenced by the design of Simscript. Simula 67 introduced objects, classes, inheritance and subclasses, virtual procedures, coroutines,2 and discrete event simulation, and featured garbage collection. -
CPL (forerunner to C)
CPL (Combined Programming Language) is a multi-paradigm programming language, that was developed in the early 1960s. It is an early ancestor of the C language via the BCPL and B languages. -
G. Kemeny y E. Kurtz crean BASIC
John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz developed BASIC for students without a strong background in technology and math, enabling them to still use computers. -
Speakeasy
Speakeasy was a numerical computing interactive environment also featuring an interpreted programming language. It was initially developed for internal use at the Physics Division of Argonne National Laboratory by the theoretical physicist Stanley Cohen. He eventually founded Speakeasy Computing Corporation to make the program available commercially. -
PL/I
PL/I is a procedural, imperative computer programming language developed and published by IBM. It is designed for scientific, engineering, business and system programming. It has been used by academic, commercial and industrial organizations since it was introduced in the 1960s, and is still used. PL/I's main domains are data processing, numerical computation, scientific computing, and system programming. -
JOSS
JOSS was one of the first interactive, time-sharing programming languages. It pioneered many features that would become common in languages from the 1960s into the 1980s, including use of line numbers as both editing instructions and targets for branches, statements predicated by boolean decisions, and a built-in source-code editor that can perform instructions in direct or immediate mode, what they termed a conversational user interface. -
MUMPS
MUMPS is a high-performance transaction processing key–value database with integrated programming language. It was originally developed at Massachusetts General Hospital for managing hospital laboratory information systems. MUMPS technology has since expanded as the predominant database for health information systems and electronic health records in the United States. -
BCPL (forerunner to C)
BCPL is a procedural, imperative, and structured programming language. Originally intended for writing compilers for other languages, BCPL is no longer in common use. However, its influence is still felt because a stripped down and syntactically changed version of BCPL, called B, was the language on which the C programming language was based. BCPL introduced several features of many modern programming languages, including using curly braces to delimit code blocks. -
Logo
Logo is an educational programming language, designed in 1967 by Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert, and Cynthia Solomon. Logo is not an acronym. it derives from the Greek logos, meaning word or thought. A general-purpose language, Logo is widely known for its use of turtle graphics, in which commands for movement and drawing produced line or vector graphics, either on screen or with a small robot termed a turtle. It later influenced SmallTalk and Scratch. -
B (forerunner to C)
B is a programming language developed at Bell Labs circa 1969 by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie. B was designed for recursive, non-numeric, machine-independent applications, such as system and language software. It was a typeless language, with the only data type being the underlying machine's natural memory word format, whatever that might be. Depending on the context, the word was treated either as an integer or a memory address. -
Niklaus Wirth crea Pascal
Niklaus Wirth developed Pascal, naming it after Blaise Pascal. This language is easy to learn and was the main language used by Apple for early software development. -
Forth
Forth is a procedural, stack-oriented programming language and interactive environment designed by Charles H. Moore and first used by other programmers in 1970. Forth combines a compiler with an integrated multitasking command shell, where the user interacts via subroutines called words. Words can be defined, tested, redefined, and debugged without recompiling or restarting the whole program. All syntactic elements, including variables and basic operators, are defined as words. -
Prolog
Designed in 1972 by Colmerauer, Roussel, and Kowalski, was the first logic programming language. -
Kay, Goldberg e Ingalls crean Smalltalk
Alan Kay, Adele Goldberg, and Dan Ingalls developed Smalltalk, which enabled computer programmers to change code quickly. -
Chamberlin y Boyce crean SQL
Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce developed SQL for IBM. This language was used for viewing and changing data stored in databases. -
Dennis Ritchie crea C
Desarrollo de C por Dennis Ritchie, generalmente considerado el primer lenguaje de programación de alto nivel (esto es, se encuentra más cerca de la estructura del lenguaje humano que del código máquina). -
ML
Built a polymorphic type system (invented by Robin Milner in 1973) on top of Lisp, pioneering statically-typed functional programming languages. -
Scheme
Scheme is a dialect of the Lisp family of programming languages. Scheme was created during the 1970s at the MIT AI Lab and released by Guy L. Steele and Gerald Sussman. It was the first dialect of Lisp to choose lexical scope and the first to require implementations to perform tail-call optimization, giving stronger support for functional programming and associated techniques such as recursive algorithms. One of the first programming languages to support first-class continuations. -
Cleve Moler crae MATLAB
Cleve Moler developed MATLAB for writing math programs. This language is used for research and education. -
Bjarne Stroustrup crea C++
Bjarne Stroustrup created C++, which is an extension of the C programming language. This is one of the most used languages in the world. -
Cox y Love crean Objective-C
Brad Cox and Tom Love created Objective-C as the main language used for writing Apple software. -
Ada
Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, and object-oriented high-level programming language, extended from Pascal and other languages. It has built-in language support for design by contract (DbC), extremely strong typing, explicit concurrency, tasks, synchronous message passing, protected objects, and non-determinism. Ada improves code safety and maintainability by using the compiler to find errors in favor of runtime errors. -
Common Lisp
Common Lisp (CL) is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in ANSI standard document ANSI INCITS 226-1994 (S20018). The Common Lisp HyperSpec, a hyperlinked HTML version, has been derived from the ANSI Common Lisp standard. Common Lisp includes CLOS, an object system that supports multimethods and method combinations. It is often implemented with a Metaobject Protocol. -
Eiffel
Meyer conceived the language in 1985 with the goal of increasing the reliability of commercial software development; the first version becoming available in 1986. Based on a set of principles, including design by contract, command–query separation, the uniform-access principle, the single-choice principle, the open–closed principle, and option–operand separation. -
Erlang
A general-purpose, concurrent, functional programming language, and a garbage-collected runtime system. The term Erlang is used interchangeably with Erlang/OTP, or Open Telecom Platform (OTP), which consists of the Erlang runtime system, several ready-to-use components (OTP) mainly written in Erlang, and a set of design principles for Erlang programs. The Erlang programming language has immutable data, pattern matching, and functional programming. -
LabVIEW (Visual Programming Language)
Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench is a system-design platform and development environment for a visual programming language from National Instruments. The graphical language is named "G"; not to be confused with G-code. The G dataflow language was originally developed by LabVIEW. Commonly used for data acquisition, instrument control, and industrial automation on a variety of operating systems, including Microsoft Windows as well as versions of Unix, Linux, and macOS. -
Larry Wall crea Perl
Larry Wall developed Perl as a scripting language, used for text editing to simplify report processing. -
Tcl
A high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Designed with the goal of being very simple but powerful. Tcl casts everything into the mold of a command, even programming constructs like variable assignment and procedure definition. Supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative and functional programming or procedural styles. -
Wolfram Language
Originalmente parte de Mathematica, recibe su propio nombre en Junio de 2013. A general multi-paradigm programming language developed by Wolfram Research. It emphasizes symbolic computation, functional programming, and rule-based programming and can employ arbitrary structures and data. It is the programming language of the mathematical symbolic computation program Mathematica. -
Backus, Williams y Wimmers crean FL
A programming language created at the IBM Almaden Research Center by John Backus, John Williams, and Edward Wimmers in the 1980s and documented in a report from 1989. FL was designed as a successor of Backus' earlier FP language, providing specific support for what Backus termed function-level programming. -
Comité de la FPCA crea Haskell
Haskell was developed as a functional computer programming language used to process complicated math calculations. -
Guido Van Rossum crea Python
Guido Van Rossum developed Python, which is a simplified computer language that is easy to read. -
Microsoft crea Visual Basic
Microsoft developed Visual Basic, which enabled programmers to select and change specific chunks of code with a drag-and-drop process. -
Ihaka y Gentleman crean R
Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman developed R for statisticians who needed to perform data analysis. -
Lua
A lightweight, high-level, multi-paradigm programming language designed primarily for embedded use in applications. Lua is cross-platform, since the interpreter of compiled bytecode is written in ANSI C, and Lua has a relatively simple C API to embed it into applications. -
CLOS (part of ANSI Common Lisp)
The Common Lisp Object System (CLOS) is the facility for object-oriented programming which is part of ANSI Common Lisp. CLOS is a powerful dynamic object system which differs radically from the OOP facilities found in more static languages such as C++ or Java. CLOS was inspired by earlier Lisp object systems such as MIT Flavors and CommonLoops, although it is more general than either. Originally proposed as an add-on. -
Sun Microsystems crea Java
Sun Microsystems developed Java, originally intended to be used with hand-held devices. -
Rasmus Lerdorf crea PHP
Rasmus Lerdorf developed PHP, mainly for Web development. PHP continues to be widely used in Web development today. -
Yukihiro Matsumoto crea Ruby
Yukihiro Matsumoto developed Ruby as an all-purpose programming language, ideal for many programming jobs. Ruby is widely used in the development of Web applications. -
Brendan Eich crea JavaScript
Brendan Eich developed JavaScript to enhance Web browser interactions. -
Ada 95
Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, and object-oriented high-level programming language, extended from Pascal and other languages. It has built-in language support for design by contract (DbC), extremely strong typing, explicit concurrency, tasks, synchronous message passing, protected objects, and non-determinism. Ada improves code safety and maintainability by using the compiler to find errors in favor of runtime errors. -
Carl Sassenrath crea Rebol
A cross-platform data exchange language and a multi-paradigm dynamic programming language designed by Carl Sassenrath for network communications and distributed computing. It introduces the concept of dialecting: small, optimized, domain-specific languages for code and data. -
Microsoft crea C#
Microsoft developed C# as a combination of C++ and Visual Basic. C# is similar to Java in some ways. -
ActionScript
An object-oriented programming language originally developed by Macromedia Inc. ActionScript code is usually converted to byte-code format by the compiler. ActionScript is used primarily for the development of websites and software targeting the Adobe Flash platform, originally finding use on Web pages in the form of embedded SWF files. -
Walter Bright crea D
D, also known as dlang, is a multi-paradigm system programming language created by Walter Bright at Digital Mars and released in 2001. Though it originated as a re-engineering of C++, D is a profoundly different language —features of D can be considered streamlined and expanded-upon ideas from C++, however D also draws inspiration from other high-level programming languages, notably Java, Python, Ruby, C#, and Eiffel. -
Scratch
Scratch is a high-level block-based visual programming language and website aimed primarily as an educational tool for programming. Users on the site, called Scratchers, can create projects on the website using a block-like interface. Projects can be exported to HTML5, JavaScript, Android apps, Bundle (macOS) and EXE files using external tools. Scratch is taught and used in after-school centers, schools, and colleges, as well as other public knowledge institutions. -
Martin Odersky crea Scala
Martin Odersky created Scala as a programing language that combines aspects of functional programming. -
Strachan y McWhirter crean Groovy
James Strachan and Bob McWhirter developed Groovy as an offshoot of Java. -
HolyC
HolyC is a variation of C developed by Terry A. Davis, who developed it alone over the course of a decade after a series of manic episodes that he later described as a revelation from God. HolyC is the official programming language for The Temple Operating System. -
F#
A functional-first, general purpose, strongly typed, multi-paradigm programming language that encompasses functional, imperative, and object-oriented programming methods. It is most often used as a cross-platform Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) language on .NET, but can also generate JavaScript and graphics processing unit (GPU) code. -
PowerShell
PowerShell is a task automation and configuration management program from Microsoft, consisting of a command-line shell and the associated scripting language. Initially a Windows component only, known as Windows PowerShell, it was made open-source and cross-platform on 18 August 2016 with the introduction of PowerShell Core. -
Clojure
A dynamic and functional dialect of the Lisp programming language on the Java platform. Like other Lisp dialects, Clojure treats code as data and has a Lisp macro system. The current development process is community-driven, overseen by Rich Hickey. Clojure advocates immutability and immutable data structures and encourages programmers to be explicit about managing identity and its states, intended to facilitate developing more robust, especially concurrent, programs that are simple and fast. -
Nim
A general-purpose, multi-paradigm, statically typed, compiled systems programming language, designed and developed by a team around Andreas Rumpf. Designed to be "efficient, expressive, and elegant", supporting metaprogramming, functional, message passing, procedural, and object-oriented programming styles by providing several features such as compile time code generation, algebraic data types, a foreign function interface and compiling (FFI) with C, C++, Objective-C, and JavaScript. -
Google crea Go
Google developed Go to solve issues that commonly occur with large software systems. -
Rust
A multi-paradigm, general-purpose programming language. Rust emphasizes t enforces memory safety—that is, that all references point to valid memory—without requiring the use of a garbage collector or reference counting present in other memory-safe languages. Popular for systems programming but also offers high-level features including functional programming constructs. -
Kotlin
A cross-platform, statically typed, general-purpose programming language with type inference. Kotlin is designed to interoperate fully with Java, and the JVM version of Kotlin's standard library depends on the Java Class Library, but type inference allows its syntax to be more concise. Kotlin mainly targets the JVM, but also compiles to JavaScript or native code via LLVM. -
Dart
Programming language designed for client development, such as for the web and mobile apps. Developed by Google and can also be used to build server and desktop applications. It is an object-oriented, class-based, garbage-collected language with C-style syntax. It can compile to either native code or JavaScript, and supports interfaces, mixins, abstract classes, reified generics and type inference. -
Julia
A high-level, dynamic programming language. Well suited for numerical analysis and computational science. Distinctive aspects of Julia's design include a type system with parametric polymorphism in a dynamic programming language; with multiple dispatch as its core programming paradigm. Julia supports concurrent, (composable) parallel and distributed computing, and direct calling of C and Fortran libraries without glue code. -
Elm
A domain-specific programming language for declaratively creating web browser-based graphical user interfaces. Elm is purely functional, and is developed with emphasis on usability, performance, and robustness. It advertises "no runtime exceptions in practice", made possible by the Elm compiler's static type checking. -
TypeScript
A free and open source programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft. It is a strict syntactical superset of JavaScript and adds optional static typing to the language. It is designed for the development of large applications and transpiles to JavaScript. As it is a superset of JavaScript, existing JavaScript programs are also valid TypeScript programs. -
Elixir
A functional, concurrent, general-purpose programming language that runs on the BEAM virtual machine which is also used to implement the Erlang programming language. Elixir builds on top of Erlang and shares the same abstractions for building distributed, fault-tolerant applications. Elixir also provides productive tooling and an extensible design. The latter is supported by compile-time metaprogramming with macros and polymorphism via protocols. -
Apple crea Swift
Apple developed Swift to replace C, C++, and Objective-C. -
Raku
A member of the Perl family of programming languages. Formerly known as Perl 6, it was renamed in October 2019. Raku introduces elements of many modern and historical languages. Compatibility with Perl was not a goal, though a compatibility mode is part of the specification. The design process for Raku began in 2000. -
Bosque
A free and open-source programming language designed & developed by Microsoft that was inspired by the syntax and types of TypeScript and the semantics of ML and Node/JavaScript. Design goals for the language include better software quality and improved developer productivity. -
Microsoft Power Fx
Microsoft Power Fx is a free and open source low-code, general-purpose programming language for expressing logic across the Microsoft Power Platform. It is based on spreadsheet-like formulas to make it accessible to large numbers of people. It was also influenced by programming languages and tools like Pascal, Mathematica, and Miranda.