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Plankalkul
- Name refers to a formal system for planning
- Designed by Konrad Zuse
- Designed for engineering purposes and to be used on the Z4 (one of the world’s first programmable computers)
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Fortran
- Name derived from Formula Translation
- Developed by John Backus
- Designed to be suited to numeric computation and scientific computing and to be used to aid scientific and mathematical programmers
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MATH-MATIC
- Developed by a team led by Charles Katz
- Is an early programming language for UNIVAC; designed for providing algebraic-style expressions and floating-point arithmetic, and arrays (simplified programming of mathematical problems)
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Lisp
- Name derives from LISt Processor
- Developed by John McCarthy
- Used for artificial intelligence research
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COBOL
- Stands for Common Business Oriented Language
- Developed by CODASYL (Conference/Committee on Data Systems Languages)
- Designed for business use and is primarily used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments
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RPG
- Stands for Report Program Generator
- Developed by IBM
- A tool to replicate punched card processing on the IBM 1401; used for generation of reports from data files, matching records, and subtotal reports
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BASIC
- Stands for Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
- Developed by John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz
- Design emphasizes ease of use and enables students in fields other than science and mathematics to use computers
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LOGO
- Name is not an acronym
- Designed by Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert, and Cynthia Solomon
- Known for turtle graphics (commands for movement and drawing produced line or vector graphics, either on screen or with a small robot termed a turtle); used to teach concepts of programming related to Lisp and later body-syntonic reasoning (where students could understand, predict, and reason about the turtle's motion by imagining what they would do if they were the turtle)
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B
- Name could be a contraction of BCPL (language B is derived from)
- Developed by Ken Thompson with Dennis Ritchie
- Designed for recursive, non-numeric, machine-independent applications, such as system and language software
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PASCAL
- Designed by Niklaus Wirth
- Designed as a small, efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring
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C
- Developed by Dennis Ritchie
- Designed to be compiled to provide low-level access to memory and language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions and encourage cross-platform programming
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ML
- Stands for Meta Language
- Designed by Robin Milner
- Used in programming language research, language design and manipulation, bioinformatics, and financial systems
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SQL
- Stands for Structured Query Language
- Designed by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce
- Used for managing data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS) or for stream processing in a RDSMS; useful in handling structured data, i.e. data incorporating relations among entities and variables
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ADA
- Named after Ada Lovelace (the first programmer)
- Developed by Jean Ichbiah
- Designed for developing large software systems and has safety critical support features
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C++
- Extension of C
- Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup
- Designed for system programming and embedded, resource-constrained software and large systems, with performance, efficiency, and flexibility of use as its design highlights
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Python
- Designed by Guido van Rossum
- Emphasizes code readability its notable use of significant whitespace; aims to help programmers write clear, logical code for small and large-scale projects; strives for a simpler, less-cluttered syntax and grammar
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Visual Basic
- Developed by Microsoft
- Used for writing Microsoft Windows and Web applications and has an easy learning curve; is a combination of visually arranging components or controls on a form, specifying attributes and actions for those components, and writing additional lines of code for more functionality
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Delphi
- Name is reference to the Oracle at Delphi (Oracle database was popular at the time)
- Developed by Borland
- Designed for rapid application development of desktop, mobile, web, and console software
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Java
- Developed by James Gosling
- Designed to let application developers write once, run anywhere, meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation
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Javascript
- Developed by by Brendan Eich
- Used to enable interactive web pages and is an essential part of web applications
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PHP
- Stood for Personal Home Page but now stands for Hypertext Preprocessor
- Designed by Rasmus Lerdorf
- Used for web development/to build simple, dynamic web applications
