Programming languages

  • Plankalkul

    Developed by Konrad Zuse, means "formal system for planning". Provides a data structure called generalized graph, which can be used to represent geometrical structures.
  • MATH-MATIC

    Developed by Charles Katz for UNIVAC 1 AND UNIVAC 2. Provided algebraic-style expressions.
  • Fortran

    Developed by IBM for scientific and engineering applications, was the basis for all the other languages.
  • Lisp

    Developed by John McCarthy. A language for artificial intelligence research.
  • COBOL

    Designed by CODESYL to process data for business use.
  • RPG

    Developed by IBM as a tool to replicate punched card processing.
  • BASIC

    Designed by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz. Supported straightforward mathematical work. The name "BASIC" comes from the unpublished paper by Thomas Kurtz.
  • LOGO

    Designed by Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert and Cynthia Solomon, named because of Greek word "logos". Used for turtle graphics.
  • PASCAL

    Designed by Niklaus Wirth. Used structured programming and data structuring to encourage good programming practices. Named after Blaise Pascal.
  • B

    Developed by Bell Labs. Designed for recursive, non-numeric, machine-independent applications.
  • ML

    Developed by Robert Milner. ML provides pattern matching for function arguments, garbage collection, imperative programming, etc.
  • SQL

    Developed by Donald Chamberlin and Raymond Boyce for managing data held in a relational database management system.
  • C

    Developed by Dennis Ritchie mainly to be complied using a relatively straightforward compiler and provide low-level access to memory.
  • ADA

    ADA is developed by Jean Ichbiah and named after Ada Lovelace (first programmer). It improves code safety and maintainbility.
  • C++

    Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup as an extension of C, to solve coding problems more efficiently then C.
  • Java

    Developed by James Gosling, named after Java Cafe. General-purposed, runs on all platforms that support Java without a need for recompilation.
  • Python

    Developed by Guido van Rossum. Provides constructs that enable clear programming on small and large scales.
  • Visual Basic

    Developed by Alan Cooper for an easy learning curve.
  • PHP

    Developed by Rasmus Lerdorf. Suited for web development, focused on server-side scripting.
  • Delphi

    Developed by Borland as a rapid application development tool for Windows. Its name is a reference to the Oracle at Delphi.
  • Javascript

    Developed by Brendan Eich. Provides validations at client side. Embedded in other types of host software, including also server-side in web servers and data bases.