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House-Select Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
Better known as HUAC, the House-Select committee was dedicated to investigating unAmerican propaganda and targeted communist influence both outside and inside the United States' government. The congressional committee investigated individual's past and political associations and created a panel dedicated to protecting citizens from communist influence and created fear in Americans by promoting the idea that communists could be amongst themselves without them knowing, worsening the 2nd Red Scare. -
G.I. Bill
Provided for college or vocational education for returning World War II veterans, one-year of unemployment compensation which provided loans for veterans to buy homes and start businesses. Aimed at rewarding returning veterans and preventing widespread unemployment and economic disruption. -
Period: to
Cold War
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Iron Curtain
"Iron Curtain" is a metaphor used by Winston Churchill that describes the division of Soviet-dominated East Europe and American-dominated West Europe, which interrupted the Warsaw Pact between the countries. This imaginary barrier is used to described free and communists places in Europe after World War Two, and trapped people from seeing the rest of the world. East Europe consisted mainly of East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland. Today, The Iron Curtain still stands today to serve as a reminder -
Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine was an American foreign policy that allows the U.S. provide assistance for Greece and Turkey to fight communist influence from the Soviet Union. The Truman administration address was basically a declaration of the Cold War, which outlined the parameters of the Cold War policy, and they believed that in order for the US. to fully stop the communist threat they needed to provide military and economic assistance to any countries that wanted to fight the Soviet Union's influence -
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan is a US plan, which was made by the Secretary of State, George Marshall, who offered that European nations should receive funding to rebuild economies after World War II by and also motivated Europeans to restore their faith in democracy. Over next four years, 13 billion dollars were given and sparked the economic recovery of Europe. The Marshall Plan also helped America's economy by opening Western Europeans economy, opening new opportunities for international trade after WW2 -
Berlin Airlift
To respond to the crisis of the Iron Curtain, Britain and the United States decided to airlift supplies, food, and fuel to Berlin from Allied airbases in Western Germany. Because of the bombing, the city had been reduced to rubble, shelter and food were, unfortunately, scarce, with several suffering from starvation. The crisis ended on May 12, 1949 when Soviets stopped the blockade of access to Western Berlin. -
Fair Deal
Domestic reform proposals of second Truman administration included civil rights legislation that called for higher minimum wage, housing, and full employment. Housing Act of 1949 and Social Security of 1950 due to opposition in congress. The Fair Deal's only successes raised minimum wage, better public housing, extended old-age insurance to more people. Included civil rights legislation and repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act, but only some of the New Deal's propostions were enacted -
Fair Deal
During the second administration of Truman, it was a domestic reform proposal hat included civil rights legislation and the repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act. Called for higher minimum wage, housing and full employment, which led to Housing Act of 1949 and Security Social Act of 1950.Only some of the New Deal's propositions were enacted, which included civil rights and repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act. Truman was unsuccessful in his call for better national health insurance and aid of education -
Period: to
1950's
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North Korea invades South Korea
The invasion marked the first action of the Cold War. By a surprise attack, North Korea invaded & took Seoul from South Korea, Truman responded to this incident by him and the UN coming to an aggreement that he will send troops to the South in order to combat the North Korean forces, the troops were led by Douglas MacArthur. McArthur's troops landed at Inchon and caugh the North Korean troops by surprise, causing North Korea to go back to their territory, his troops were sent back after by China -
Ike Turner
Ike Turner was an African American bandleader and songwriter who wrote the hit "Rocket 88" that was released in 1951. He also incorporated blues, soul, and rock. Turner put the song that Kings of Rhythm recorded but it was instead recorded under the name of Jackie Brenston. -
I Love Lucy: TV Shows
I Love Lucy is an iconic Tv show that aired through the 1950's based on the lives of a middle class couple and showed the challenges of the "usual" stereotyped housewife. The main character Lucy, didn't really challenge her husband as she reacts to him and his overreactions. Syndication, camera production and the movement from NY to Hollywood changed the television during the 1950's. -
Billy Haley and the Comets
One of the first Americans that popularized Rock 'n' roll, made a cover of the song "Rock Around The Clock" and made it very popular even though it wasn't theirs. Had the first rock n roll song to hit record charts. -
Dr. Jonas Salk
An American biologist and physician dedicated to studying polio and found the solution in killing the polio virus.The polio virus would paralyze some parts of the body because it attacked the spinal cord and skeletal muscle. Salk made the vaccine distributed freely around the nation and has eradicated polio amongst Americans, to whom was a rapid epidemic spreading within the nation. Salk also helped founding an influenza vaccine in college. -
Julius & Ethel Rosenberg
in the Rosenberg case, married couple Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accused of being communists spies during the Second Red Scare. Although only Julius was the real spy and Ethel Rosenberg was wrongfully accused, both were executed for passing nuclear weapons secrets to the Soviet Union. the Rosenberg case was marked as one of her most controversial capital punishments of the 20th century for the crime "conspiracy to commit espionage against the United States, the Cold War dramatized it more. -
Period: to
Civil Rights
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Brown vs. Board of Education
Supreme Court of the United States' case that overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision which was led by Earl Warren, who wanted to expand African American rights. The court found that segregation was a violation of the Equal Protection clause "separate but equal" has no place. Was about 5 cases regarding black kids who were put in court due to unequal rights and opportunities. This historical case motivated the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950's and the 1960's -
Emmet Till Tragedy
Emmet Till, 14-year-old boy who was murdered in Mississippi, racist south, by two white men, because he supposedly whistled at a white married woman, his death became the beginning of the civil rights movements. Till was brutally murdered and could only classified by a ring he had on, his body was shipped back to his mom and had an "open casket" for the world to see "what they did to my son." -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
When Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give her seat to a white man, which resulted in the boycott of buses for a year, and because majority of the passengers were black, they lost 65% of revenue. After a year segregation of buses was taken off, and it showed that white people were passionate about Civil RIghts too -
Little Richard
Flamboyant singer and pianist who had outgoing performances, vocals and utilized vocables and falsettos. Also had a wild outlook for rock and internal conflicts. Little Richard quit show business in 1957 but came back in 1962 in a comeback tour in England. His song "Long Tall Sally" was a huge hit in the 1950's. -
Joseph McCarthy
Joseph MacCarthy, a Republican Senator that represented the state of Wisconsin. McCarthy made several false accusations against several people claiming that they were Communist spies working in the United States federal government. McCarthy's false accusations intimated many, causing them not to speak against him. McCarthy's accusations altogether with the already present fear of communists made citizens fee more scared of the Soviet Union's influence. The term "McCarthyism" originated from him. -
Elvis Presley
American singer who mixed black rhythm and blues with white bluegrass and country styles. Became known as "Elvis" who became a symbol of youth, voice, and sex appeal and most importantly helped popularize rock & roll by becoming an icon -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Passed by Eisenhower, bill that established a permanent commission on civil rights with investigative powers but it did not guarantee ballot for African Americans. Was the first civil rights legislation in the US since the Reconstruction Era. Its primary function was to make sure that all African Americans could exercise their right to vote. Had no real effect and was mostly symbolic. -
Sputnik
During the Arms Race, the race to space began once the first satellite "Sputnik" was released, it was the first artificial satellite to orbit around the earth. "Sputnik" was the size of a basketball. In result, the Unites States, in order to demonstrate capitalism was better than communism, was force during the Eisenhower administration to increase funding for defense and fasten the America's space program, which eventually led to creating NASA, that later sent the first American men to the moon -
Beat Generation
A group of American writers who became popular in the 1950's, as well as the cultural phenomena that they wrote. "Beat" culture rejected mainstream American values, experimentation with drugs and alternate forms of sexuality, and an interest in Eastern spirituality. Rebelled against America's culture of conformity, blind faith in technology and materialism. -
Period: to
1960's
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Feminism
1960's Feminism campaigned for equal rights on controversial issues like employment, marital relationships, and sexual orientation Also, Betty Friedman wrote the book "Feminine Mystique" which said that women could do the same things as men. Protests by feminists were also done to make people aware of gender discrimination and make men aware that we are equal to them -
New Frontier
A legislative program that promoted new liberal and civil rights which included medical care to the elderly, rebuilding urban areas and aid to educational, advocated by President Kennedy in contrast of conservative Eisenhower. It was also meant to increase international aid and expand the NASA program. This was then-president John F. Kennedy's legislative program to provide care for the senior and aid education to bolster the national defense, and also the space program. -
Feminism
The theory of political, social and economic equality of men and women, during the 60's. Young feminist group, argued that liberal feminist were pursuing equality under a corrupt system, dead-end proposition. They wanted to change the system and take on laws that couldn't be legislated. Included more middle aged women, women who had been active for a long time. The feminist's main goal was to make men aware that they could do the same things as them. -
Politics (Nixon, Kennedy)
The election of 1960 started the era of political television. Although Nixon was thought to have had better propositions and arguments, he was nervous and sweaty in front of the television, which caused several to vote for Kennedy, who appeared very attractive to the audience and even had makeup. Kennedy won the election thanks to his television appeal. -
Peace Corps
Program created by Kennedy in which the U.S. provides assistance to developing nations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. It was created in 1961 to help impoverished countries and promoted world peace and friendship for young volunteers help countries through teaching and technical aid. Represented an effort by postwar liberals to promote American values and influence through productive exchanges across the world -
Freedom Rides
Civil Rights Campaign in which protesters traveled by bus through by bus through the South to desegregate bus stations. A group of 13 went to journey from Washington DC to the deep South. Were significant to American history because attracted attention to civil rights movements tested various civil rights laws and stopped racial segregation on interstate transportation. CORE and SNCC decided to find out these bus stations had really been integrated. -
March on Washington
Civil Rights leaders organized a huge rally in Washington to urge passage of President Kennedy's civil rights bill. A high point came when MLK Jr. gave his "I Have a Dream" speech to more than 200,00 marchers in front of the Lincoln Memorial. Was a peaceful demonstration to promote Civil Rights and economic equality for African Americans. Participants walked down Constitution and Independence avenues. "I Have A Dream" speech was delivered that day. -
Assassination of JFK
Shot while in a parade in Dallas by Lee Harvey Oswald and is considered to be the only assassin of Kennedy, who was stationed in Russia during World War II. JFK got shot whenhe was beginning his campaign trail to be elected again for a second term. Oswald was shot by nightclub owner Jack Ruby. -
Malcolm X
Renamed himself X to signify the loss of African heritage, converted to Nation of Islam in jail in the 50s, became Black Muslims' most dynamic street orator and recruiter Black Power and equality. HIs beliefs were the basis of Black Power Movement built on separationist and nationalist impulses to achieve true independence and equality, believed black people must stand together, and separate black community. Assassinated. -
Freedom Summer
The campaign in Mississippi in the summer of 1964 that attempted to register as many African American voters as possible. An effort to register African-American voters in Mississippi. Politicized experimental sexuality, interracial relationships, jeans and work shirts, many became student leaders who would guide the movements of the 1960's. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Protects individuals and prohibits discrimination in hiring, compensation, and terms, conditions, or privileges of employment on basis of race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. Legislation enacted by Congress during the Johnson administration, banning segregation in public facilities as racial discrimination in employment and education. Gave government power to enforce all laws governing civil rights. -
Daisy Girl Ad
A controversial political advertisement that aired during the Election of 1964 used by the president to be Lyndon B. Johnson campaign, won most of the people's votes. Considered the most controversial political in history. Commercial only aired once but was very controversial -
Great Society
The "Great Society" as called by Johnson was a Democratic reform program that passed Medicare, Civil Rights legislature, federal aid to education. Johnson attempted to reduce poverty and racial injustice to make and promote better living in the US. Also federally sponsored social welfare programs to those who qualified for it. -
Earl Warren Supreme Court
Was a United States jurist who served as chief justice of the SCOTUS, led the SCOTUS with an activist direction, which was Brown v. Board of Education case, that pushed further the boundaries of civil rights in the US. He was known for sweeping decisions of the Warren Court, which ended school segregation and transformed many areas of American law. Believed that the Supreme Court should be the center for the civil rights change & used loose interpretation to expand rights of African Americans. -
Anti-War Movement
A social movement that was in opposition in the nation making a war any sorts of armed conflict. During the Cold War, this movement openly challenged the foundations of Cold War thinking. Many Americans believed that defending South Vietnam from communist aggression but this defied that mindset. -
Watts Riots
First large riot since end of World War II, was a result of a white police officer striking a black bystander during a protest, this triggers a week of violence revealing resentment blacks felt treatment toward them. Homes and businesses were burned down and the national guards had to be brought in. Lots of police brutality went down. African Americans believed they had to fight for them instead of peaceful resolutions. -
Counterculture
Grup in the 60's that rejected American values, norms, and practices and replaced them with their own values. Woodstock was a popular concert they had that exemplified counterculture of the late 1960s. Movement consisted mostly of college students, tried to establish new society based on peace and love. -
Hippies
Opposed the Vietnam War and promoted peace were in favor for sexual liberation and embraced non-Christian faith. Were al about peace, love and personal freedom. Woodstock was a 3-day concert they had and the first Hippie music festival. Believed in anti-materialism, use of drugs, lived in communal "crash pads", smoked marijuana and LSD movement. -
Period: to
1970's
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Equal Rights Amendment
"Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state account of sex." This proposition failed to acquire the necessary support from 3/4 of the state legislatures. Failed because fo lobbying against by Eagle Forums Stop, Phyllis Schaffly sucks for stopping this. Guaranteed that rights affirmed by the Constitution would be upheld for anyone regardless of sex. -
Watergate
Break in at Democratic National Committee spaces at the Watergate complexes. Nixon was accused of having the government agents spy on Democrats in order to stay in office SCOTUS forced to give the tapes where he recorded democrats. Although he attempted to cover the tapes up, the truth was revealed. Instead of Congress forcing him to be impeached, Nixon resigned and some of the government spies went to prison for some time. -
Heritage Foundation
Conservative organization, ideological interest group, that promotes the principles that made "America great" free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American values, and strong national defense. These types of attacked liberal legislation and the permissive culture that was born. -
Warren Burger Supreme Court
The U.S. Supreme Court under, an activist court that expanded the rights of criminal defendants and racial and religious minorities. Warren was responsible for bringing the Court back to the right after the Earl Warren years, he presided over major cases involving abortion, affirmative action, the death penalty, and school desegregation. Was chosen by Nixon because of his strict interpretation of the Constitution, presided over pro-abortion case. -
Stagflation
Simultaneous occurrence of substantial unemployment, high inflation rate and slow economy. Prices increase and people have less money to spend. Refers to the unusual economic situation in which an economy is suffering both from inflation and from the stagnation of its industrial growth.The reality of stagflation was a noticeable decline in the standards of living, discretionary income per worker. -
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
Was to meet the goal of keeping oil prices steady, Venezuela, Algeria, Nigeria, Libya, and Indonesia are all OPEC. Coordinates trade and production policies relating to oil protect the interests of oil producing companies. Aims to manage the supply of oil in an effort to set the price of oil on the world market to prevent fluctuations that might affect the economies of both producing and purchasing countries. -
Roe v. Wade
The right to privacy was extended to this abortion case, gave women the right to abortion during the 1st two trimesters because it was protected by the 14th amendment (due process clause), which protected women's right to end her pregnancy because it came under their personal freedom of personal choice in family matters. More than 30 states have adopted laws limiting abortion rights, made abortion a controversial topic to this day. -
Endangered Species Act
Provided means for listing native animals/plants that are in danger of extinction and provide them with protection by prohibiting the unauthorized taking, possession, sale and transport of those species, applies to any federal activity which includes grants and contracts. -
The New Right
Helped get Ronald Reagan elected movement, partly in response to counter-cultural protests of the 1960's. More funded and organized than their opponents. The late 1970's, were right-wing think tanks, consulting firms, lobbyist, foundations, and schools. Mistrust of the eastern establishment, suspicion of its motives ad goals, a sense that it exercised a dangerous secret power in American life. Advocates economically liberal and increased socially conservative politics. -
The Moral Majority
Political organization of the US which had a purpose of evangelical Christian-oriented political lobbying formed Jerry Falwell. Made up of conservative Christian political action committees which campaigned on issues its people believed were important to maintaining its Christian conception of moral law. Group pressured for legislation that would ban states' acceptance of gays. Showed that Americans were starting to worry about the moral fabric. -
Period: to
1980's
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Robert Johnson
Founder Black Entertainment Television (BET), was also first black billionaire after selling the network to Viacom in 2001, he sold them for 3 million dollars, but his value had dropped down to 550 million Forbes reported. BET network started to expand and added to music videos, comedy shows, and movies featuring and focusing on African-American actors. BET broke into premium movie industry by working with STARZ to create BET movies. -
Rap Music
Music genre in the United States developed by urban African-American in the 1970's that consists of rhythmic music that accompanies rapping. Rap music was also shown and grown to be popular on MTV. Hip Hop as both a musical genre and a culture was formed during the 1970s when block parties became popular in New York City. Rap groups that originated from the 1980's were Straight Outta Compton, Run-D.M.C, Snoop Dogg, A Tribe Called Quest, etc.. -
Election of 1980
Ronald Reagan v. Jimmy Carter, Reagan won because of the Iranian hostage crisis and America's stagflation. Reagan ran on the "populist" campaign and had served as a California governor from 1966-1974. No one liked Jimmy Carter, not even his people (democrats) liked him. On Inauguration date, the hostages from the Iranian Hostage Crisis were released, which contributed to the happiness around at the time. -
MTV
American TV channel that originally aired music videos as guided by "video jockeys", its main demographics and popular young adults but today it's primarily directed towards teenagers. Music videos. The first song released was by The Buggles, "Video Killed the Radio Star." Micheal Jackson made up the moonwalk on stage. MTV also took on gender roles by promoting music videos such as "Just a Girl" by Gwen Stefani, and "I Wanna be Your Joey Ramone" by Sleator-Kinney. -
Sandra Day O'Connor
Retired Associate Justice of the SCOTUS, she was the first woman appointed to the Supreme Court by Reagan and served from 1981 until her retirement 2006 because her husband had Alzheimer's. Was an elected official and judge in Arizona served as the first woman Majority Leader in the US in Arizona. O'Connor was frequently a swing vote. Served as an Associate Justice from 1981 until retiring from Court, also served as a republican in the Arizona state. -
AIDS crisis
The epidemic that was not known what it was, diagnosed in 1981, was perceived as "gay man's disease" Reagan administration was slow in responding to this issue because effects were not fully understood and disease was thought to come from "immoral behavior." Was a huge deadly outbreak in the 70's. 600,000 of people were affected in the 1890's. Also, ended the era of usage of penicillin and the pill which made safe sex okay. -
Sam Walton's Just-in-Time Inventory
Just-in-time inventory is when you products only what is needed when its needed. The inventory system in which component parts arrive from suppliers just as they are needed at each stage of production, its purpose isl to minimize the levels of raw materials and work in process inventory investments, while improving the manufacturing process. Sam Walton is the founder of both Walmart and Sam's Club. Emphasized forced problem solving and anything that doesnt add valuable is seen as waste -
Iran Contra Affair
An affair that uncovered that they were selling weapons to the anti-American government in Iran (to help secure release of American hostages) and had been using the profits from these sales to secretly and illegally finance the Contras in Nicaragua, rebel group fighting the leftist Sandinista regime. NSC member Oliver North had organized operation from within the White House to find out about Reagan but there was no proof that Reagan knew about the North's actions and what they were to do. -
Space Shuttle Program
This program had originally started with the concept that a space station could be built to be used fo reconnaissance, the space shuttle was made up of Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavor. NASA was created so Americans could catch up with the Soviets in the space race in order to demmostrate capitalism was better. A disaster that occurred, the Challenger broke in 73 seconds from release, the crash led to seven deaths who were the crew members in the space shuttle. -
Reaganomics
Economic policies put by then president Ronald Reagan and emphasized supply-side theory. Reagan's policies put together a monetarist fiscal policy, supply-side taxes, and domestic budget cuts. The goal for Reaganomics was to reduce the size of federal government and to make economic growth. US debt increased by 186%, and supply-side did not create new jobs nor make economy better, which sucks. -
Oprah Winfrey
Born in Mississippi, Kosciusko. African American women who's a great philanthropist, established Harpo Productions 1988, was one of the TIME 100 Most Influential of 20th Century in 1996. Also, she established the "Oprah Book Club" Oprah is also listed as the first African American female billionaire and made her own channel callled OWN, Oprah Winfrey Network. -
Fall of the Berlin Wall
The Berlin wall which separated eastern USSR dominated Europe and western Europe was torn down thanks to the mass movements of East Germany through Hungary and West Germany, forcing the eastern government to announce freedom travel to East German citizens, allowing people to cross the border with West Berlin. The fall of the wall was the first step of re-unification of Germany. -
Period: to
1990's
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Persian Gulf War/ 1st Iraq War
The U.S. fought against Iraq when they illegally invaded Kuwait, all because Iraq wanted to take over Kuwait's oil fields and wanted access to the Persian Gulf (for oil transport.) Iraq Saddam Hussein wanted control of the Muslim world. Iraq was defeated and ended in a small army, created economic hardship was created for the Iraqi people due to trade sanctions after the war. The United Nations cease-fire agreement called for Iraq to allow U.N. inspectors to look and destroy weapons. -
Rodney King
Rodney King, known for his alleged involvement in police brutality case involving Los Angeles Police Department. Bystander George Holiday recorded the incident, the footage showed the officers continuously attacking King and striking him with a baton while the other officers just watched. Part of the footage was released and aired by news agencies around the world, and caused a massive public outrage at the brutality King had faced. Two officers were found guilty and other two were acquitted. -
Climate Change findings come out
Global warming became an aspect of climate change became a major concern and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change after Earth Summit attempted to shorten carbon emissions in the atmosphere. Shell had issued a warning in 1991 by releasing "Climate of Concern" warned weather, floods, famines and climate refugees as fossil fuel burning Earth. Shell also found that the sea level has risen and that Shell was one of the first major oil companies to acknowledge the reality. -
Election of 1992
"Daddy" Bush ran for a second term against Democrat Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas, and independent third party businessman H. Ross Perot. During that time, the economy was plagued with high unemployment rates and large deficits. Bill Clinton won electoral votes by 49%. Clinton's victory was dramatic because of the high number of electoral votes that led his presidential victory. During his term, he faced the Monica Lewinsky scandal, where the people heavily lost trust in the government. -
Don't Ask, Don't Tell Policy
The official United States policy on LGBT, which was made by the Clinton Administration.The "Don't Ask, Don't Tell Policy" was a ban installed on both gay and lesbian service members is officially in the dustbin of history, the policy ended September 20, 2011. This policy prohibited military personnel from discriminating against LGBT members or applicants while it barred openly gays. This policy prohibited qualified gay and lesbian Americans from serving in the army and basically discriminated. -
Health Care Reform
Secretly led by Clinton's wife, Hillary Clinton, and the Task Force on National Health Care Reform, its plan was to make health care insurance national and for employers to pay 80% of the workers' costs. Included health-care packaging cooperation and a national board to monitor costs. Clinton's plan was defeated because he did not get enough Democrat Senators votes, and was defeated by Republican Newt Gingrich's "Contract with America" movement and doctor's lobbying organizaitions -
World Trade Center Attack
Terrorist attack against the World Trade Center Attack, a truck with a bomb blew up below the North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. The attack was planned by a group of terrorists including Ramzi Yousef, Mahmud Abouhalima, Mohammad Salameh, etc... Their homemade bomb weighed about 1,200 pounds, FBI called it the "largest by weight and by damage of any improvised explosive device." Six people died, including a pregnant woman. -
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Began with Ronald Reagan, NAFTA's main goal was to eliminate trade barriers and promote economic competition between its members. NAFTA took place of Canada's free trade agreement and is now the largest trade bloc around the world. The United States, Canada and Mexico make-up NAFTA and has opened trade and has set up rules for trade. NAFTA has created new jobs, increased income in Mexico, decreased poverty in Mexico but has destroyed Mexico's small farms. -
Lewinsky Affair
Was secretary of Clinton, and had a sexual affair with Clinton, who denied it under oath. Clinton was impeached for perjury and his controversial political battles kept him from doing his president work in his final term. The blue dress that Monica Lewinsky had on had Clinton's DNA all over it, which proved that he was having sexual relations with Lewinsky, who at the time was really young and HE WAS MARRIED SMH. Spy who Lewinsky thought was her friend told the FBI -
Period: to
Contemporary
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Election of 2000
George ran against Democratic Al Gore. This was the closest presidential election in the nation's history, with a .009% margin, which is a difference of 537 votes. Because of the very close margin, it triggered a mandatory machine recount the following day. In the case Bush v. Gore, the upheld decision was that granted Bush victory over the majority of the votes recounted. This presidential election was the first time where there was more electoral votes than people's votes. -
Compassionate Conservatism
Political philosophy by George Bush that stresses using traditional conservative methods, techniques, and concepts in order to improve general warfare of America's society. Bush's ideas/concepts/actions as a president were war on terrorism, U.S troops should topple the Taliban government of Afghanistan, and the invasion of Iraq. "Jobless" economic recovery. He was also in the Cabinet Level Department of Homeland Security -
9/11 Attacks
19 militant Islamic men/hijackers stole and took control of four commercial jets, two planes flew into the World Trade Center towers, one crashing into the Pentagon and one crashed in the Somerset Country. Nearly 3000 people were killed and this is considered the worst case of domestic case of terrorism in American history. The Islamic militant group are called Al-Qaeda and had attacked the United States before as well in 1992. -
War on Terror
The War on Terror is a military campaign that was launched by the Bush Administration in response to the Al-Qaeda attack (9/11 attacks) Costed greatly to Americans, added to $2 Trillion to the debt the United States already has. Spending for the War on Terror includes three major components, which is spending money overseas, secondly is the significant increases in the base budget for the Department of Defense. And lastly is the additions to the Veterans Administration -
Patriot Act
After September 11, ongress passed a security legislation that was made in order to secure the country's safety. The Patriot Act gives the authority to the government and its workers enhanced powers in seizures such as looking up library records or looking thorugh bags at an airport to see if there's any weapons or something that would endanger the passengers or virtually anywhere in order to secure safety, which is the main goal of this act -
No Child Left Behind Education Act.
The No Child Left Behind Education Act is part of the "Individuals with Disabilities Act" which is a re-authorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. This act set high standards and accountability for students' achievement in education so that they could make sure they were receiving enough education and were caught up by the twenty-first century learning. Spends more money on education, schools with low income were given Title I funds so they could improve -
2nd Iraq War
Second Persian Gulf War that consisted of two phases. The first phase consisted of the United States and Great Britain invading Iraq and fastly defeating the Iraqi military forces, it was then followed by a longer case where the United States found itself against an insurgency. Violence began to decline in 2007 and the United States has gradually decreased its military presence in Iraq but there are still constant fatalities in Afghan, this ended in Decemebr 2011 -
Hurricane Katrina
Natural disaster that decimated New Orleans, Bush administration was heavily discriminated for its slow and inefficient response to such a tragedy. New Orleans' infrastructure was 80% damaged, killed nearly 2000 people. tarty and feeble response by local and federal authorities exacerbated the damage and led to widespread criticism of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Cost about 150 billion dollars to repair the damage -
Election of 2008
The Election of 2008 was the 56th presidential election. Barack Obama, democrat ran against Senator John McCain, a Republican and Hillary Clinton. Bardock Obama won, making him the first African-American president in the United State's history. Obama ran a grassroots campaign that engaged young voters and the black community; the failing economy was the centerpiece of the election. Obama's victory encouraged much diversity and sparked racism simultaneously. -
Affordable Care Act (ACA) “Obamacare”
Done by the Obama's administration, a law consisting of two pieces of legislation that are collectively known as "Healthcare Reform" or "Obamacare." The main objective of Obamacare was to expand health insurance coverage to an estimated 32 million uninsured Americans and strengthen existing coverage. The ACA increased benefits and lowered costs for consumer and provided new funding for public health and prevention also forced everyone to get some type of medical heatlh-care insurance
