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Panama Canal
The Panama Canal was to help the elimination of disease-carrying mosquitoes, while chief engineer John Stevens devised innovative techniques and spurred the crucial redesigned from a sea-level to a lock canal. When it was completed it was a cost of more than $350 million, and it was the most expensive construction project in U.S. history. It proved a vital component to expand global trade routes in the 20th century. It was recognized by the American Society of Civil Engineers. -
Elvis Presley
Elvis was an American singer and actor. Elvis began attracting attention with his music in 1954, when he was 19.He infused black rhythm-and-blues songs with his distinctive style, which came to include dance moves that were considered quite sexually suggestive for the time. IN 1956 "Heartbreak Hotel" became his first number one hit and Elvis suddenly became a national sensation. Crowds of screaming teenagers packed his shows. At the end of 1957,Elvis was drafted in the U.S. military until 1960. -
Smith Act
The smith act is a U.S. federal law that established a system of cooperative extension services, connected to the land-grant universities in order to inform people about current developments in agriculture, home economics, public policy, etc. It required a;; adult residents that are "non-citizens" to register with the government of the U.S. It was authored by Representative Howard W. Smith of Virginia. -
G.I. Bill
Is a law that provided a range of benefits for returning WWII veterans. It was design by the American Legion, who helped push it through Congress by mobilizing is chapters. The goal was to provide immediate rewards for practically all WWII veterans. The G.I. Bill established hospitals, made low-interest mortgages available and granted stipends covering tuition and expenses for veterans attending college or trade schools. -
Iron Curtain
The notional barrier separating the former Soviet bloc and the West prior to the decline of communism that followed the political events in eastern Europe 1989. It began at the end of WWII in 1945 and lasted until the fall of the USSR in 1989, a division that lasted nearly 45 years. -
38th Parallel established as border
Is a popular name given to latitude 38th N that in East Asia roughly demarcates North Korea and South Korea. THe line was chosen by U.S. military planners at the Potsdam Conference (Jolu 1945) near the end of WWII as an army boundary, north of which the U.S.S.R. was to accept the surrender of the Japanese forces in Korea and south of which the Americans were to accept the Japanese surrender. -
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Cold War
The Cold War was a period of "non-hostile belligerency" primarily between the USA and the USSR. It was a 'war of words' and competition involving the Cold War Space Race and Arms Race involving the nuclear build-up between the USA and its allies in the West and the Communist world dominated by the USSR and China in the East. The Cold War was to dominate international affairs for decades and many major crises occurred - the Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam, Hungary and the Berlin Wall. -
Fair Deal
The Fair Deal was an ambitious set of proposals put forward by U.S. President Harry S. Truman to Congress in the Union address.His Fair Deal recommended that all Americans have health insurance, that the minimum wage be increases, and that, by law, all Americans be guaranteed equal rights. Truman's plans were not popular with the members of Congress. They rejected his plans for national health insurance thought they did raise the minimum wage. -
Hydrogen Bomb
The Hydrogen bomb is one of the most powerful nuclear weapon and was detonated in Tzar Bomba, tested by the Soviet Union in 1961. A group of scientists led by Edward Teller supported its development. They made direct approaches to the military and the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. The U.S., Britain, China, Russia, France are known to have conducted hydrogen weapon tests. -
TV shows
WWII had slowed TV's introduction to the consumer market by 1955, 75% of American homes had a TV-black and white. "I Love Lucy" & "Father Knows Best" portrayed ideals of the 1950s. In the late 50s, westerns completely took over. In 1958, 8 of the top 10 TV shows were westerns. TV specials were very important to spreading the message back then and they attracted huge audiences. Some TV shows were "Texaco Star Theatre," "Fireside Theatre," "Philco TV Playhouse." -
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1950s
The 1950s were about more than just poodle skirts and rock and roll. The U.S. was the world's strongest military power. Its economy was booming, and the fruits of this prosperity-new cars, suburban houses and other consumer goods-were available to more people than ever before. The boom began in 1946, when a record number of babies-3.4 million- were born in the U.S. Not only were the 1950s was a happy era but a difficult and problematically era. In, 1954 an angry group of men gathered to battle. -
Albert Sabin
During the late 1940s and 1950s, Sabin tried to determine how the polio virus infected its victim. He determined that the virus infected a person through his or her digestive tract. Further research led Sabin to realize that some people had resistant antibodies in their blood to polio, suggesting that they had been infected with a weak strain of the virus that had left them resistant to more powerful versions of the illness. By 1957, Sabin had developed a live vaccine. -
Korean War
It was a battle in the early 1950s between the United Nations, supported by the U.S., and the communist Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The war began when North Korea invaded South Korea. The Korean war began when some 75,000 soldiers from teh North Korean People's Army poured across the 38th parallel, the boundary between the Soviet-backed Democratic People's Republic of Korea to the north and the pro-Western Republic of Korea to the South which is still divided now. -
Bill Haley and the Comets
In 1952, Haley and his new band changed their name and image from singing cowboys by taking odd the cowboy hats and boots in exchange for the new Rock and Roll image and sound. As suggested by a record producer, the name was changed in reference to Haley's Comet. The group signed up with Decca Records in NY signaling a new beginning for the group. "Crazy Man Crazy" was their first big hit that became the first Rock and Roll record to make it to the Top Ten and first in a television soundtrack. -
Dr. Jonas Salk
A American medical researcher Dr. Jonas Salk announces on a national radio show that he has successfully tested a vaccine against poliomyelitis, the virus that causes the crippling disease of polio. In 1952,-an epidemic year for polio-there were 58,000 new cases reported in the U.S, and more than 3,000 died from the disease. For promising eventually to eradicate the disease, which is known as "infant paralysis" because it mainly effects children and Dr. Salk was celebrated as the great doctor. -
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Civil Rights
A worldwide series of political movements for equality before the law that peaked in the 1960s. The main aim of the movements for civil rights included ensuring that the rights of minorities and women's rights. Civil Rights activists used nonviolent protest and civil disobedience to bring about change, and eh federal government made legislative headway with initiatives such as the Voting Rights Act, and the Civil Rights Act. Supreme Court struck the "separate but equal" doctrine. -
Brown v. Board Education
The U.S Supreme Court handed down its ruling in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. The Court's unanimous decision overturned provisions of the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision, which had allowed for "separate but equal" public facilities. Linda Brown's parents wanted her to go to a closer school in a white school in Topeka, Kansas. NAACP lawyer Thurgood Marshal uses psychological evidence to win case. Integration cases are still in the courtroom today. -
Dolores Huerta
She was an American labor leader and civil rights activist who was the co-founder of the National Farm workers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers. She first started to help with Fred Ross to start the Stockton Chapter of the Community Service Organization, which fought for economic improvements for Latinos. She helped champion for the civil rights of workers in agricultural fields to ensure they were well remunerated and worked in better conditions. -
Emmett Till Tragedy
Emmett Till was an African American teenager who was lynched in Mississippi at the age of 14,1955 after being falsely accused of flirting with a white women. His assailants-the white woman's husband and her brother-made Emmett carry a 75-pound cotton-gin fan to the bank of the Tallahatchie River and ordered him to take off his clothes. The two men then beat him nearly to death, gouged out his eye, shot him in the head, threw his body, tied to the cotton-gin fan with barbed wire, into the River. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks was a civil rights activist that refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama city bus. She helped initiate the civil rights movement in the United States. The leaders of the local black community organized a bus boycott that began the day Parks was convicted of violating the segregation laws. Parks became nationally recognized a symbol of dignity and strength in the struggle to end racial segregation. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
It was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. African Americans refused to ride city buses to protest segregated seating, it's also regarded as the first large-scale demonstration against segregation in the U.S. The U.S. Supreme Court ultimately ordered Montgomery to integrate its bus system, and one of the leaders of the boycott, Martin Luther King Jr. emerged as a prominent national leader. -
Sputnik
A series of Soviet artificial satellites, which was the first satellite to be placed in orbit. It was a successful launch that came as a shock to experts and citizens in the U.S., who had hoped the U.S. would accomplish this scientific advancement first. It was launched at 10:29 p.m. Moscow time from the Tyuratam launch base. The first artificial satellite was about the size of a beach ball, weighed only 183.9 pounds, and took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path -
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1960s
At the beginning of the 1960s, many Americans believed they were standing at the dawn of a golden age. Just as black power became the new focus of the civil rights movement in the mid 1960s, other groups were growing similarly impatient with incremental reforms. At the same time, young women who had read the Feminine Mystique, celebrated the passage of the 1963 Equal Pay Act and joined the moderate National Organization for Women were also increasingly annoyed with the slow progress of reform. -
Feminism
The feminism in the 1960s originally focused on dismantling workplace inequality, such as denial access to better jobs and salary inequality, via anti-discrimination laws. In 1964, Representative Howard Smith of Virginia proposed to add a prohibition on gender discrimination into the Civil Rights Act that was under consideration. In 1966, the National Organization for Women was formed. In 1968, feminists protested at the Miss America contest in Atlanta City, arguing at the pageant was sexist. -
Chicano Mural Movement
It's based on a creation of murals, large-scene paintings depicting complex scenes. It was a movement for the political and social equality for Mexican-Americans, largely focused on families that had been in the U.S. for generations. Many groups were involved, including particularly politically-active one like Cesar Chavez's United Farm Workers Union, the Raza Unida Party, etc. It was through these groups that demonstrated pride in a Mexican-American identity that cultural movements were formed. -
Bay of Pigs
1400 Cuban exiles launched what became a botched invasion at the Bay of Pigs on the south coast of Cuba. In 1959, Fidel Castro came to power in an armed revolt that overthrew Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista.The invasion did not go well: The invaders were badly outnumbered by Castro's troops, and they surrendered after less than 24 hours of fighting. The invasion was a disaster and the CIA had wanted to keep it a secret for as long as possible. 114 were killed and over 1,100 were taken prisoner. -
Peace Corps
IN 1960, John F. Kennedy, proposed to the University of Michigan, to help the developing countries, by promoting peace. He encouraged them to go needy countries and give them aid, financially, educationally, and physically. To help the people of interested countries in meeting their need for trained men and women, to help promote better understanding of Americans on the part of the peoples served; and to help promote a better understanding of other peoples on the part of Americans. -
Freedom Rides
It was a group of 13 African American and white civil rights activist launched the Freedom Rides, a series of bus trips through the American South to protest segregation in interstate bus terminals. The Freedom Riders, who were recruited by the Congress of Racial Equality civil rights group attempted to integrate facilities at bus terminals along the way into the Deep South. They encountered violence from white protesters along the route, but also drew international attention to their cause. -
Anti War Movement
An Anti-war movement is a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict, unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. The term can also refer to pacifism, which is the opposition to all use of military force during conflicts.Though the first American protests against U.S. intervention in Vietnam took place in 193, the antiwar movement did not begin in earnest until nearly two years later, when President Lyndon ordered massive U.S -
"I have a Dream Speech"
"I have a Dream Speech" is a speech that Martin Luther Kin Jr. did. It was a public speech delivered by American civil rights during the March on Washington for Jobs ans Freedom, which calls for an end to racism in the U.S. and called for civil and economic rights. It was able to influence the Federal government to take more direct action to more fully realize racial equality. The speech made Martin Luther King famous only because of the speech that he made. -
JFK Assassination
President John F. Kennedy was assassinated as he rode in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas, Texas. The bullets struck the president's neck and head and he slumped over towards Mrs. Kennedy. The governor was also hit in the chest. The car sped off to Parkland Memorial Hospital just a few minutes away. But little could be done for the President. A Catholic priest was summoned to administer the last rites, and at 1:00 pm John F. Kennedy was pronounced dead. -
Warren Commission
After President Kennedy's death, his successor, Johnson established a commission to investigate Kennedy's death. The commission, led by Chief Justice Earl Warren, concluded that alleged gunman Lee Harvey Oswald had acted alone in assassinating America's 35th president, and that there was no conspiracy, either domestic or international, involved. The Warren Commission's conclusion that Oswald was a "lone gunman" failed to satisfy some who witnessed the attack and others. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. First proposed by President Kennedy, it survived strong opposition from southern members of Congress and was then signed into law by Kennedy's successor, Lyndon B. Johnson. -
Daisy Girl Ad
It was a controversial political advertisement aired on television during the 1964 U.S. presidential election by incumbent president Lyndon B. Johnson campaign. Johnson's campaign was widely criticized for using the prospect of nuclear war, as well as for the implication of the Goldwater would start one, to frighten voters. The ad was immediately pulled, but the point was made, appearing on the nightly news and on conversation programs in its entirely. -
Barry Goldwater
Barry Goldwater was a senator for Arizona, and served 30 years in US senate. In 1964, LBJ was opposed by this Republican Arizona senator who attacked the federal income tax, the nuclear the-ban treaty and the Great Society. Barry Goldwater served five terms as a U.S. Senator for Arizona and was the Republican nominee for President in the Election of 1964. He revives the conservative movement in the U.S. in the 1960s. -
LSD
Owsley, the psychedelic pioneer who provided LSD. Both he and his brand of LSD came to be known, as wizard, madman and genius. In addition to creating the most pure and powerful LSD on the planet, he began the tradition of taping the Dead's shows and developed what was, at the time, the world's greatest live sound system.LSD was capable of rendering the whole groups of people, including military forces, indifferent to their surroundings and situation. -
Hippies
The 1960s gave Hippies the opportunity to express their thoughts and opinions in a number of different ways, including; how they are dressed, what music they listened to and how they danced. These people began to revolt against society, reacting to the Vietnam war, feminism and the fear of the unknown and outer space. The Hippies wanted to be an example and prove the society that the could live independently. -
New Frontier
The New Frontier was used by liberal Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy in his acceptance speech in the 1960 U.S. presidential election to the Democratic National Convention at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum as the Democratic slogan to inspire America to support him. President pitched his 1960 presidential campaign as a crusade to bring in a "new generation leadership-new men to cope with new problems and new opportunities." -
Martin Luther King Jr's Civil Rights beginning
Martin Luther King was a Baptist minister and social activist who played a key role in the American civil rights movement. King sought for equality for African Americans, the economically disadvantaged victims of injustice through peaceful protest. He was the driving force behind watershed events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington. He later worked with numerous civil rights and religious groups for Jobs and Freedom, a peaceful political rally. -
Apollo 11
The American Astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin became the first humans ever to land on the moon. Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon . The Apollo 11 mission occurred eight years after President John Kennedy announced a national goal of landing a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s. Apollo 11 as the first manned mission to land on the moon. They accomplish in returning to earth and bring samples from another planetary body. -
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1970s
Women, African Americans, Native Americans, gays and lesbians and other marginalized people continued their fight for equality, and many Americans joined the protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It was also for defense in political conservatism and traditional family roles, and the behavior of President Nixon undermined many people's faith in the good intentions of the federal government. By the end of the 1970s the division and disappointments had set a tone for public life. -
The New Right
The New Right is a descriptive term for various policies or groups that are right-wing. It also been used to describe the emergence of Eastern European parties after the collapse of the Soviet Union and systems using Soviet communism. In the U.S., New rights refer to two historically distinct conservative political movements, and currently the alt-right movement which includes right-wing ideologies that are an alternative to mainstream American conservatism. -
Warren Burger Supreme Court
The time period when Earl Warren served as Chief Justice. Warren replaced the decrease Fred M. Vinson as Chief Justice in 1953, and Warren remained in office until he retired in 1969. Warren was succeeded as Chief Justice by Warren Burger. The court was both applauded and criticized for bringing an end to racial segregation in the U.S. , incorporating the Bill of Rights and ending officially sanctioned voluntary prayer in public schools. -
Nixon Tapes
They were audio recordings conversations between U.S. President Richard and Nixon administration officials, Nixon family members, and White House staff. There are 2,636 hours tapes containing conversations. There's one that was deleted which was the so-called "smoking gun" when Nixon appeared to try to use the CIA to derail the FBI investigation of Watergate, the slurs against black and Jews. -
Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment is a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for all citizens regardless of gender; it seeks to end the legal distinctions between men and women in terms of divorce, property, employment, and other matters. It was originally written by Alice Paul and Crystal Eastman. The middle-class women were largely supportive, while those speaking for the working class were often opposed, arguing that employed women needed special protections. -
Watergate Hotel
It was a major political scandal that occurred in the U.S. in the 1970s, following a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C. in 1972 and President Nixon administrations attempted cover-up of its involvement. There was a problem where a security guard was doing his job by removing a tape, he later found out that someone re-tape it back together. -
Heritage Foundation
Is an American conservative think tank based in Washington D.C. The foundation took a leading role in the conservative movement during the presidency of Ronald Reagan, whose policies were taken from Heritage's policy study Mandate for Leadership. Is a right-wing think tank. Its stated mission is to formulate and promote public policies based on the principles of "free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American values and a strong national defense." -
Sandra Day O'Connor
Her husband was drafted into the U.S. army. Later returned the U.S and settled down where they had three children. O'Connor started a private law firm with a partner and became involved in numerous volunteer activities. She later became an assistant attorney general for Arizona and in was appointed to the Arizona State Senate to occupy a vacant seat. Subsequently elected and reelected to the seat, she became the first woman in the U.S. to hold the position og majority leader in a state senate. -
OPEC (organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
OPEC was founded in 1960 by Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait and Venezuela with the principle objective of raising the price of oil. Other Arab nations and Third World oil producers joined. OPEC had little impact on the price of oil, but later increase in demand and the decline of U.S. oil production gave it more clout. OPEC decided to use oil price increases a political weapon against Israel and its allies. -
Federal Election Commission (FEC)
FEC is an independent regulatory agency that was founded in 1975, by the U.S. Congress to regulate campaign finance legislation in the U.S. It was created in a provision of the 1974 amendment to the Federal Election Campaign Act. It provided public financing for presidential primaries and general elections, limited presidential campaign spending, required disclosure, and attempted to limit contributions. -
Three-Mile Island
A series of mechanical and human errors at the Three- Mile Island nuclear generating plant near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, which resulted in an accident that profoundly affected the utility industry. It was known for the most serious accident in U.S. commercial nuclear power plant operating in history, although its small radioactive releases had no detectable health effects on plant workers of teh public. -
Rap Music
In the 80s technology of the time allowed for rappers to trade out turntables for sampler machines, which became increasingly efficient and affordable. May rap artist were influenced by electro. There were also a significant amount of rap influenced by various Latin music, which became popular among Spanish-speaking rap fans. The Golden Age of rap was in the 80s, it featured more innovation and complexity and expounded upon new themes, like Afrocentricity. -
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1980s
1980s is often remembered for its materialism and consumerism, the decade also saw the rise of the "yuppie," and explosion of blockbuster movies and the emergence of cable networks like MTV, which introduced the music videos and launched careers of many iconic crisis. It was were the populist conservative movement called the "New Right." This time period was also when John Lennon was assassinated, Pac-Man Video game was released and when it failed U.S. Rescue Attempt to Save Hostages in Tehran. -
Jimmy Carter
Carter in the Election of 1980 talks of economic renewal and promised to achieve this carefully selected spending programs and tax cuts. At the same time, he championed environmental reforms, continued to emphasize conservation as the solution to the energy crisis, and criticized Reagan for proposing surrender to the "merchants of oil." During the campaign, Carter gained ground rapidly. He did so chiefly because of Reagan's ability to generate alarm and to blunder. -
Ronald Reagan
He's a former actor and California governor, served as the 40th U.S. President. He cut taxes, increased defense spending, negotiated a nuclear arms reduction agreement with the Soviets and is credited with helping to bring a quicker end to the Cold War. Two months after his inauguration he survived an assassination attempt by John Hinckley, a man with a history of psychiatric problems, outside a hotel in Washington D.C. Within several weeks of the shooting, Reagan was back at work. -
Reagonomics
Is President Ronald Reagan's conservative economic policy that attacked the 1980 recession and stagflation, Stagflation is an economic contraction combined with double inflation. Reaganomics promised to reduced the governments influence on the economy. That policy was dramatically different from the status quo. Prior presidents Johnson and Nixon expanded the government's role. It states that corporate tax cuts are the best way to grow the economy. -
Music Television (MTV)
MTV was something that would define pop culture, change generations, and shape and industry. The first music video played on MTV was "Video Killed the Radio Star" by The Buggles. It served as the perfect song to bring in this new era of music and to begin MTV legacy. In the late 1980s, MTV began introducing non-music programming ans slowly, over time, the flavor of MTV began to change. -
Iran Contra Affair
The affair began as in internal U.S. confrontation between Ronald Reagan and the Democratic Congress. It was basically a clandestine action not approved by the U.S. Congress. It began when President Ronald Reagan's administration supplied weapons to Iran-a sworn enemy- in hopes of securing the release of American hostage held in Lebanon by Hezbollah terrorists loyal to the Ayatollah Khomeini, Iran's leader. -
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) "Star Wars"
It was a proposed missile defense intended to protect the U.S. from attack by ballistic strategic nuclear weapons. The system which was to combine ground-based units and orbital deployment platforms, was first publicly announced by President Ronald Reagan. The initiative focused on strategic defense rather than the prior strategic offense doctrine of mutual assured destruction. (MAD) The ideas was dependent on futuristic technology, including space-based laser system that had not been developed. -
Reagan Doctrine
It was defined some of the key concepts of his foreign policy. It served as the foundation for the Reagan administration's support "freedom fighters" around the globe. He began with his policy comments with the dramatic pronouncement that "Freedom is nit the sole prerogative of a chosen few..." Under the Reagan Doctrine, the U.S. provided overt and covert aid to anti-communist guerrillas and resistance movements in an effort to "roll back" Soviet-backed communist governments in Africa, Asia,etc. -
The Fall of the Berlin Wall
As the Cold War began to thaw across Eastern Europe, the spokesman for East Berlin's Communist Party announced a change in his city's relations with the West. Starting at midnight that day, he said, citizens of the GDR were free to cross the country's borders. The Cold War was to dominate international affairs for decades and many major crises occurred-the Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam, Hungary, and the Berlin Wall being just some. -
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1990s
The 1990s is characterized by the rise of multiculturalism and alternative media, which continued into the 2000s. This era is also called "The Good Decade." This era was known for music, TV shows, and they started to grow in everything especially technology. Phone started to be famous, computers, etc. The society was more liberal and there was an increase of capitalism, which would continue the Great Recession. -
George H.W. Bush
He began his time in the White House as Germany was in the process of reunifying, the Soviet Union was collapsing and the Cold War was ending. Bush would be credited with helping to improve US.S Soviet relations. Bush also authorized military operations in Panama and the Persian Gulf. He organized a military coalition of more than 30 countries who began a U.S. led air assault against Iraq. In, 1992, Bush lost his bid for re-election to Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas. -
Oprah Winfrey
She was an American media proprietor, talk show host, actress, producer, and philanthropist. She is best known for for her talk show "The Oprah Winfrey Show" which was the highest-rated television program of its kind in history and was nationally syndicated. Winfrey had a lot of celebrity interviews, for example she had one with Michael Jackson, Ludacris, etc. She was raised Baptist. Her nickname was "arguably the world's most powerful woman." -
Persian Gulf War/ 1st Iraq War
Iraqui leader Saddam ordered the invasion and occupation of neighboring Kuwait. Alarmed by these actions, fellow Arab powers such as Saudi Arabia and Egypt called on the U.S. and other Western nations to intervene. Iraq fights Iran and the war ends in a stalemate. The 1st phase bombing destroys power grids and communications. The results of this war was that Iraq sanctioned for the rest of the 90s and food shortages and no fly zones hamper Saddam and Iraq. -
Black Entertainment Television (BET)
It's an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the BET Networks division of Viacom. It is the most prominent television network targeting African American audiences. The network has aired a variety of stand-up comedy, news, and current affairs programs and formerly aired mainstream rap, hip-hop and R&B music videos. They've walked through the Fame Awards winning many awards for their show. -
Ross Perot
He's an American business magnate and former politician. An independent presidential candidate in 1992, he received 18.9% of the popular vote, the highest percentage for an interdependent or third party candidate. He was the reform Party's presidential nominee and received 8.4% of the popular vote. He candidacy was increasing because of the media attention. With his performance in the popular vote in 1992, Perot was entitle to receive federal election funding for 1996. -
Bill Clinton
Clinton won a plurality in the popular vote, and a wide Electoral College margin. The election was a significant election after three consecutive Republican landslide. He was an American politician who serves as the 42nd President of the U.S. from 1993-2001. He was later impeached by the House of Representatives for perjury before a grand jury and obstruction of justice during a lawsuit against him, both related to a scandal involving White House employee Monica Lawskey. -
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
NAFTA is an agreement signed by Mexico, Canada, and the U.S. creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. It superseded the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement between the U.S. and Canada. Most economic analyses indicate that NAFTA has been a small net positive for the U.S. large net positive for Mexico and had an insignificant impact on Canada. -
Welfare Reform
Is changes in the operation of a given welfare system. Welfare reforms are often more aligned with neo-liberal policies. In the U.S. welfare reform was used to get Congress to enact the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, which further reduced aid to the poor, to reduce government deficit spending without coining money. It was President Clinton who signed "The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation" -
Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)
It was a U.S. federal law that, being ruled unconstitutional, defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman, and allowed states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriage granted under the laws of other states. Until Section 3 of the Act was struck down in 2013, DOMA, conjunction with other statues, had barred same-sex married couples from being recognized as "spouses" for purposes of federal laws, effectively barring them from receiving federal marriage benefits. -
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Contemporary
Is politically dominated by the Cols War between the U.S. and Soviet Union whose effects were felt across the world. Various emerging technologies, the recent developments and convergences in various fields of technology, hold possible future impacts. This era is full of new technology, inventions, etc. The climate has changed so much. -
Ralph Nader
He political activist, author, lecturer, and attorney. He cited "a crisis of democracy" as motivation to run. He was nominated by the Vermont Progressive Party and the united Citizens Party of South Carolina. The campaign marked Nader's second presidential bid as the Green nominee, and his third overall, having run as a write-in campaign. His campaign also a addressed problems with the two party system, voter fraud, environmental issue, etc. -
Compassionate Conservatism
Is a political philosophy that stresses using traditionally conservative techniques and concepts in order to improve the general welfare of society. The term itself is often credited to U.S. historian and politician, who used it as the title of a speech. This label and philosophy has been espoused by U.S. Republican and Democratic politicians since then though in recent times it has been strongly associated with former President George W. Bush, who commonly used the term to describe his views. -
George W. Bush
Is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the U.S. He became the early front-runner, acquiring unprecedented funding and a broad base of leadership support based on his governorship of Texas and the name recognition and connections of the Bush family. Bush asked former Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney to head up a team to help select a running mate for him, but ultimately, Bush decided that Cheney himself should be vice presidential nominee. -
9/11 Attacks
19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda hijacked four airliners and carried out suicide attacks against targets in the U.S. Two of the planes were flown into the towers of the World Trade Center in new York City, a third plane hit the Pentagon just outside Washington D.C and the fourth plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. The attacks resulted in extensive death and destruction, triggering major U.S. initiatives to combat terrorism and defining the presidency. -
No Child Left Behind Education Act
It's a U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; it included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students. It supported standards-based education reform based on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals could improve individual outcomes in education. The act required states to develop assessments in basic skills. TO receive federal school funding, states had to give these assessments to all students at selected lv -
2nd Iraq War
It was a protracted armed conflict with the invasion of Iraq by a U.S. led coalition that toppled the government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the occupying forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government. An estimated 151,00-600,000 or more Iraqis were killed in the first 3-4 years of conflict. It also led to the fall of Ba'athist government; President Hussein was captured during Operation Red Dawn. -
Hurricane Katrina Disaster
It was a costliest natural disaster and one of the five deadliest hurricanes in the history of the U.S. The storm is currently ranked as the third most intense U.S. land falling tropical cyclone. Overall at least 1,245 people died in the hurricane and subsequent floods, making it the deadliest. The total property damage was estimated at $108 billion. When the storm made landfall, it had a category 3 on rating on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale-it brought sustained winds 100-140 mph and 400m. -
John McCain
It was a longtime senior U.S. Senator from Arizona, who launched with an informal announcement during a live taping. His second candidacy for the presidency of the U.S., he had previously ran for his party's nomination and was considered as a potential running mate for his party's nominee. After winning a majority of delegates in the Republican, leading up to the convention. He was later sleected as teh Republican Party presidential nominee. -
Barack Obama
Senator Barack Obama defeats Senator John McCain to become the 44th U.S. President, and the first African American elected to the White House. The 47 year old Democrat garnered 365 electoral votes and nearly 53% of the popular vote, while his 72-year-old Republican challenger captured 173 electoral votes and more than 45% of the popular vote. Obama was born in Hawaii to a white woman from Kansas. Obama also pledged to get the U.S. out of the war in Iraq and expand health care. -
Housing Bubble
It was a real estate bubble affecting over half of the U.S. states. The Case shiller home price index reported its largest price drop in its history. The credit crisis resulting from the bursting of the housing bubble is according to general consensus- the primary cause of credit default swap bubble. It is very difficult to identify except in hindsight, numerous economic and cultural factors led to several economists. -
Domino Theory
Is a foreign policy during the 1950s to 1980s that states if one land in a region came under the influence of communism, then surrounding countries would follow. It came to the Korean War because the U.S. learned that communism was becoming more of a threat in other countries outside of Europe.President Eisenhower suggested that the fall of French Indochina to the communists could create a "domino" effect in Southeast Asia. -
Video Head System (VHS)
Is a standard for consumer-level analog video recording in tape cassettes. Developed by Victor Company of Japan.They were able to accomplish the 12 objectives which was that they system must be compatible with any ordinary television set, picture quality must be similar to a normal air broadcast, the tape must have at least two-hour recording capacity, tapes must be interchangeable between machines, recorders should be affordable, easy to operate and have low maintenance cost. -
Little Richard
Richard was born in 1932. At the age of 13 Richard was ordered to move out of the family home, and his relationship with his father was never repaired. He was taken by a white family who owned a club in Macon, were Richard eventually began performing and honing his talent. In 1951 Richard caught his first major break when a performance at an Atlanta radio station yielded in RCA. Later on Richard's career failed to take off and 1955 Richard hooked up with Specialty Record producer. -
Lionel Sosa
Lionel is a Mexican-American advertising and marketing executive. He was in the marine corps, and when he was in his twenties he designed many logos, including Ricos drop of flavor, and worked at Texas Neon design. Sosa had entered political advertising by supporting John Tower, and made Tower won 37% of the Hispanic vote. He led several national companies, including Coca Cola and Coors and eventually Sosa and Association became the largest Hispanic advertising agency in the U.S. -
Beat Generation
Beat Generation is a literary movement started by a group of authors whose work explored and influenced American culture and politics in the post-WWII era. The bulk of their work was published and popularized throughout the 1950s. The people in the Beat movement often referred to as Beatniks, were influenced by eastern philosophy and religion and famous for their use of interesting forms of writing and their rejection of traditional social and artistic principles. -
Ike Turner
In the late 1940s, Turner started a group called the Kings of Rhythm. In 1951, he and his bad went to Memphis to record at the legendary Sun Studios run by recording legend Sam Philips. Things really began to change for Turner in 1956, when her met a teenager named Anna."Rocket 88" was the first rock and roll recording. The young sister joined the band and soon developed a personal relationship with Turner.
