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1796
Spain had been allied with France against the United Kingdom since the Second Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1796 -
1806
In 1806, Spain readied for an invasion in case of a Prussia victory, but Napoleon's rout of the Prussian army at the Battle of Jena-Auerstaedt caused Spain to back down. Napoleon was fully aware pf the disastrous state of Spain's economy, and administration and its political fragility, and felt it had little value as an ally -
1807 - 1808
The Peninsular War started when Fren and Spanish armies invaded and occupied Portugal in 1807 and escalated in 1808 -
1808
In 1808, Napoleon turned on Spain, during the Peninsular War, forcing the abdication of the Spanish king and replacing him with Napoleon's brother Joseph -
1808
French troops on Spanish soil was extremely unpopular in Spain, resulting in the Mutiny of Aranjuez and the abdication of Charles IV of Spain in March 1808. Hoped Napoleon refused to help Charles and refused to recognize his son, Ferdinand VII, as the new king. Instead, he succeded his brother, Joseph Bonaparte -
1808
Creation of a “Supreme Central and Governmental Junta of Spain and the Indies” on September 25, 1808.
These “kingdoms” were defined as “ the viceroyalties -
1810
Hidalgo gained further support for the rebellion by choosing the Virgin of Guadalupe as a symbol for the cause. -
1810
Dissolution of the Supreme Junta on January 29, 1810, because of the reverses suffered after the Battle of Ocaña.
Creation of local juntas to preserve the region’s independence from the French. -
1810
The Creation of juntas in Spanish America on April 19, 1810. -
1810
The juntas claimed to carry out their actions in the name of the deposed king, Ferdinand VII. -
1810
Father Hidalgo was a criollo remembered as the father of the movement that pushed Mexico towards independence. Early on September 16, 1810, Father Hidalgo rang the town’s church bells to call the people to mass. As the people assembled, he gave his famous speech the grito de Dolores.
This speech started the conflict that eventually freed Mexico from Spain. -
1811
Hidalgo was captured and found guilty of treason. He was executed in front of a firing squad. He was decapitated and his head was placed on a pole and displayed publicly. Hidalgo’s death – July 30th, 1811. -
1812
The Spanish Constitution of 1812 basis for Independence in New Spain (Mexico) and Central America.
Elections were held, local governments formed, and deputies sent to the Cortes. -
1812
Treaty of Córdoba, signed on August 24, kept all existing laws, including the 1812 Constitution. -
1814
The war on the peninsula lasted until the Sixth Coalition defeated Napoleon 1814. -
1814
José Morelos replaced Hidalgo as the leader of the revolution.
Morelos was a mestizo.
Morelos was a brilliant military.
Because Morelos was a mestizo and brought the lower classes into the revolution, the penninsulares and criollos became afraid of mob violence.
Soon the criollos and penninsulares had hunted down Morelos. They placed him in front of the firing squad and executed him. -
1815
Morelos’ death – December 22nd, 1815 -
1821
The Plan of Iguala be equal treatment under the law for both penninsulares and criollos.
Catholicism would be the official religion of Mexico.
Mexico would be a moderate monarchy.
The three parts of the plan were known as union, religion, and independence. The Three Guarantees flag. Red represents the union aka the blood, white purity of Catholicism and green hope of independence. -
1821
One of the people ordered to hunt down Morelos was Agustin de Iturbide. He had fought against the rebels on the side of the Spanish king. Iturbide got removed from his command because he was a cruel leader.
Iturbide met with Vicente Guerrero, the new leader of the rebellion and Iturbide’s former enemy, and planned coup d’état to. Together, Guerrero and Iturbide created the Plan of Iguala. -
1821
In January 1821, Iturbide began peace negotiations with Guerrero
The simple terms that Iturbide proposed became the basis of the Plan of Iguala: the independence of New Spain (now called the Mexican Empire) with Ferdinand VII or another Bourbon as emperor; the retention of the Catholic Church as the official state religion and the protection of its existing privileges: and the equality of all New Spaniards, whether immigrants or native-born. -
1821
Iturbide would this be the one to lead Mexico to independence from Spain 1821. -
Iturbide Takes Power 1822
Iturbide elevate himself to the position of emperor of Mexico. He made himself Generalisimo de Tierra y mar and gaver himself a large salary. Iturbide's reign would not last long as he creared and inherited many problems that Mexico faced. Iturbide was not an emperor, but rather he was a caudillo. -
1822
The independence movement had left Mexico in a bit of chaos. The silver mining was destroyed. Capital were investing their money outside of Mexiclo rather than reinvesting it into their own country. Agricultural production had decreased causing food prices to rise. -
1822
Iturbide was criticized for nepotism. He awarded nobles titles to his family and even made the birthdays of some of his family members national holidays. -
1822
May 19, 1822, when the Mexican Congress conferred the throne on Iturbide. -
1823
Man who became a major player in Mexican politics for the next several decades, Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón. -
1824
He entered the Plan de Veracruz in which Mexico was turned into a Republic. Iturbide would be arrested for treason and met demise.