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May 21, 1527
Philip II was born
Philip II was the first-born son of Carlos I and Isabel de Portugal. He was born in Valladolid. -
May 10, 1529
Philip is named heir to the crown of Castile
The court attorneys met in the San Jerónimo convent in Madrid where they recognized him as regent of the kingdom. -
May 1, 1539
Isabella of Portugal passes away
Also known as the Empress of the Carnation, was the wife of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor; as such, she was Queen of Spain and Germany, and Lady of the Netherlands. -
Nov 12, 1543
Phillip II marries Maria of Portugal
He was 16 years old when he married Maria Manuela of Portugal , his father, the Emperor Charles V, told him not to overstrain himself: he was marrying to produce heirs. They were cousins. -
Aug 12, 1545
The death of his first wife
Maria died on August 12, due to complications of the childbirth. -
1554
Charles V transfers the Crown of Naples and the Duchy of Milan
The Duchy of Milan was an Italian state located in northern Italy. Emperor Charles V held the duchy from 1535, eventually granting it to his son King Philip II of Spain from 1556. The possession of the duchy by Habsburg Spain was finally recognized by the French in the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis in 1559. -
Jul 25, 1554
Philip marries Mary I of England
He married his father Charles' first cousin, Queen Mary I of England. They had no children. -
1556
He inherits Spain
Phillip II inherits Spain from his father Carlos I. -
Period: Jan 15, 1556 to
Philip's reign
He was king of Spain from January 15, 1556 until his death. -
1557
First actual bankruptcy
After the wars were over, However, the government was in enormous debt and declared bankruptcy that year. The 16th Century saw Spain's Phillip II declare four separate state bankruptcies in the years between 1557 and 1596 -
Aug 27, 1557
Victory in San Quentin
The Battle of Saint-Quentin of 1557, was a decisive engagement of the Italian War between the Kingdom of France and the Habsburg empire, at Saint-Quentin in Picardy. -
Period: May 23, 1558 to
The Dutch Revolt
The Dutch Revolt was the revolt in the Low Countries against the rule of the Habsburg King Philip II of Spain, hereditary ruler of the provinces. The northern provinces eventually separated from the southern provinces (present-day Belgium and Luxembourg), which continued under Habsburg Spain until 1714. -
Sep 21, 1558
Carlos I passes away
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Nov 17, 1558
The death of his second wife
While Mary seems to have adored Philip, Philip did not seem to have returned the affection. It was a marriage of political alliance for him. Mary’s last illness seems to have been a false pregnancy. Mary's cause of death was tumor. -
Jun 22, 1559
His third marriage with Elizabeth of France
They were married by proxy in the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris. It is said that Philip II was only seen crying for one day. Exactly on October 3, 1568. It was when the third of his wives died and, possibly, the woman he loved the most: Elizabeth of France -
1560
Monarchy reform
Phillip II modernized and strengthened the administration of the Spanish monarchy, separating it from medieval traditions and aspirations for universal dominance. -
Feb 12, 1561
Madrid was named the capital of his dominions
Phillip II was personally in charge of government work from Madrid, a city that he chose as the capital of his dominions. He was an authoritarian monarch who managed to increase royal power and centralization. He made decisions without hardly convening Cortes, aided by officials.
He created new councils: State, War, Finance. The corregidores were representatives of the king who controlled the municipalities. -
Apr 23, 1563
The construction of the Monastery of the Escorial
Also known as the Monastery of San Lorenzo del Escorial, began on April 23, 1563. It is one of the most representative monuments of the Community of Madrid. -
Dec 4, 1563
The end of the Council of Trent
The Council of Trent, was held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent. It was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation. -
Period: 1568 to 1571
The rebellion of the Alpujarras
The rebellion of the Alpujarras was a conflict that took place in Spain between 1568 and 1571 during the reign of Philip II. When the royal power managed to defeat the rebels, it was decided to deport the surviving Moors to various points in the rest of the Crown of Castile, whose Moorish population grew from 20,000 to 100,000 people. -
Oct 3, 1568
His third wife's death
Elizabeth's first pregnancy in 1560 resulted in a stillborn son, followed in 1564 with a miscarriage of twin girls. She later gave birth to Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain. -
1570
His fourth marriage with Anna of Austria
In February 1569, Anna's engagement to her uncle Philip II was announced. In May 1570, they married by proxy. Philip and Anna had five children, only one surviving childhood. -
Oct 7, 1571
The battle of Lepanto
The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of Catholic states (comprising Spain and most of Italy) arranged by Pope Pius V, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras. -
1575
The second bankuptcy
After all the wars, enormous economic expenses were assumed, which forced the crown to contract more and more debt for which the royal Treasury was unable to pay it. -
Period: Nov 4, 1576 to Nov 7, 1576
Sack of Antwerp
The Sack of Antwerp, often known as the Spanish Fury at Antwerp, was an episode of the Eighty Years' War. It is the greatest massacre in Belgian history. -
Mar 31, 1578
The assassination of Escobedo
Antonio Pérez was formally accused of the 1578 murder of Escobedo. This judicial process progressed very slowly and during this time Antonio Pérez was kept prisoner but moved around different towns and castles. -
Oct 26, 1580
The death of his fourth wife
Anna died giving birth. After Anna’s death, a marriage to her sister, Elisabeth of Austria, was proposed, but Elisabeth declined. -
Apr 16, 1581
Philip II was name king of Portugal
Philip II of Spain was crowned Felipe I of Portugal in 1581 (recognized as king by the Portuguese Cortes of Tomar). -
The finishing of the Escorial Monastery
The construction began in 1563 under King Phillip II who commissioned architect Juan de Toledo. The monastery was finished by Juan de Herrera in 1584. -
The Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada was a Habsburg Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from Lisbon in late May 1588 under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, with the purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England. The expedition was a failure. -
The Alterations of Aragon
The Alterations of Aragon are the events that occurred in Aragon during the reign of Philip II of Castile and I of Aragon. On May 24, 1591, at the request of the inquisitors and by order of the Justice, Antonio Pérez was transferred to the prison that the Inquisition had in the Aljafería. After this, his followers attacked and mortally wounded the Marquis of Almenara, the king's representative in the lawsuit of the foreign viceroy. -
The third bakruptcy
The Government of Philip II decreed the suspension of payments. It was the third bankruptcy of his reign, after those of 1557 and 1575. Felipe II had received a kingdom in debt and was going to leave behind a quadrupled deficit. -
Philip II passes away
Philip II of Spain died on September 13 at the age of 71 in San Lorenzo de el Escorial because he suffered from numerous diseases.
