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Nov 17, 1488
Commercial Revolution
The Commercial Revolution was a period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately the late 13th century until the early 18th century. It was succeeded in the mid-18th century by the Industrial Revolution. -
Nov 4, 1529
Ottoman siege of Vienna
This was an attempt by the Ottoman Empire to capture Vienna. The army was very strong and persistent. -
Consumer Revolution
The term Consumer revolution refers to the period from approximately 1600 to 1750 in England in which there was a marked increase in the consumption and variety of "luxury" goods and products by individuals from different economic and social backgrounds. -
The Trial of Galileo
The Galileo affair was a sequence of events culminating with the trial and condemnation of Galileo. He was kept under arrest until his death. His scientific thoughts conflicted with the thoughts of absolutism. -
Height of Mercantilism in Europe
Mercantilism was the economic theory and practice. It promoted governmental regulation of a nation's economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers. -
Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War
The thirty years war was the most destructive. Peace of Westphalia finally ended the damage. -
Thomas Hobbes publishes The Leviathan
The Leviathan is filled with all of Hobbes philosophies about tax and his theories. Equal justice is even with equal tax. -
The English Civil War
England's government was debatable amongst many people and they started a war for political. War between Charles 1 and Parliament. -
The "Golden Age" of the Netherlands
The Dutch exceeded in trade, science and art. The 80 years war took up half of this century. -
The English Monarchy Restored
The English, Scottish, and Irish monarchies were all restored under the ruling of Charles II. This followed the war of the three kingdoms. -
Test Act in England
These were a series of English laws. They stood as religious test. -
The Rococo Period in art and music
This artistic style was very whimsical and romantic. It spoke love without words. -
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
The original Edict of Nantes allowed the Huguenots to practice their religion freely without punishment. This is a reincarnation of it. -
The Enlightenment
The enlightenment was the introduction of new ideas and thoughts of many philosophers. It is also called the Age of Reason. -
Newton’s publication of the Principia Mathematica
This involves Newton's laws. This is the principle of where his work started. -
The “Glorious Revolution”
William of Orange and Parliament overthrow King James II of England. It is also called the revolution of 1688. -
John Locke published Two Treatises of Government
This book is filled with John Lockes ideas and thoughts of government. He believed that all souls were born to be slaves to the rulers. -
Reign of Peter the Great
Peter westernized Russia. He was crowned Czar at 10 years old when his brother, Ivan V, died. -
War of Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession was the first world war of modern times with theaters of war in Spain, Italy, Germany, Holland, and at sea. Charles II, king of Spain, died in 1700 without an heir. -
Reign of Frederick the Great of Prussia
Frederick II, known as Frederick the Great, was Prussia's king from 1740 to 1786. By winning wars and expanding territories, he established Prussia as a strong military power. -
Reign of Louis XIV
Louis XIV was the Sun King. He housed all his nobles because he truly despised them. -
Reign of Maria Theresa of Austria
Maria Theresa , archduchess of Austria, Holy Roman Empress, and queen of Hungary and Bohemia, began her rule in 1740. She was the only woman ruler in the 650 history of the Habsburg dynasty. -
Last appearance of Bubonic plague in Western Europe
The black plague is a deadly plague that swept through all of Europe. One day, it simply just disappeared. -
The Classical Period in art and music
Classical is much more lighter and clearer than Baroque. It is much more simple and not nearly as complex. -
War of Austrian Succession
This war was a conglomeration of related wars, two of which developed directly from the death of Charles VI, Holy Roman emperor and head of the Austrian branch of the house of Hapsburg. The War of the Austrian Succession involved most of the powers of Europe over the question of Maria Theresa's succession to the realms of the House of Habsburg. -
Edward Jenner’s Smallpox Vaccination
Edward Jenner was an English country doctor who introduced the vaccine for smallpox. Previously a keen practitioner of smallpox inoculation, Jenner took the principle a stage further by inducing immunity against this killer disease via exposure to a harmless related disease, cowpox. -
The Baroque Period in art and music
The Baroque period was a period of exaggerated movement in art. It was not just shown through paintings, but also music, theater and dance. -
Seven Years War
The Seven Years’ War essentially comprised two struggles. One centered on the maritime and colonial conflict between Britain and its Bourbon enemies, France and Spain; the second, on the conflict between Frederick II (the Great) of Prussia and his opponents. -
Diplomatic Revolution
The Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 was the reversal of longstanding alliances in Europe between the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War. -
Enclosure Movement
In the early 1700s, there was an "enclosure movement" that was a cause of the industrial revolution in England. The enclosure movement was this: wealthy farmers bought land from small farmers, then benefited from economies of scale in farming huge tracts of land. -
Jean Jacques Rousseau publishes The Social Contract
This is an essay by Genevan philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau which argued that the arts and sciences corrupt human morality. It was Rousseau's first successful published philosophical work, and it was the first expression of his influential views about nature vs. society, to which he would dedicate the rest of his intellectual life. This work is considered one of his most important works. -
Reign of Catherine the Great of Prussia
Elizabeth died in January 1762, and her nephew succeeded to the throne as Peter III, with Catherine as his consort. Eager to put his own stamp on the nation, he quickly ended Russia’s war with Prussia, an act that proved deeply unpopular to Russia’s military class. -
First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. Growth in the Russian Empire's power, threatening the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg Austrian Empire, was the primary motive behind this first partition. -
Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, generally referred to by its shortened title The Wealth of Nations, is the magnum opus of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith. -
American Revolution
The American Revolution was a political upheaval that took place between 1765 and 1783 during which colonists in the Thirteen American Colonies rejected the British monarchy and aristocracy, overthrew the authority of Great Britain, and founded the United States of America. The American Revolution (1775-83) is also known as the American Revolutionary War and the U.S. War of Independence. -
French Revolution
The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France. France's costly involvement in the American Revolution and extravagant spending by King Louis XVI (1754-1793) and his predecessor had left the country on the brink of bankruptcy. -
Slave Revolt in Haiti
The Haitian Revolution has often been described as the largest and most successful slave rebellion in the Western Hemisphere. Slaves initiated the rebellion in 1791 and by 1803 they had succeeded in ending not just slavery but French control over the colony. -
Mary Wollstonecraft publishes A Vindication on the Rights of Women
She declared that both women and men were human beings endowed with inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. She called for women to become educated. -
Reign of Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. Napoleon rapidly rose through the ranks of the military during the French Revolution. -
The Agricultural Revolution
The Agricultural Revolution was a period of technological improvement and increased crop productivity that occurred during the 18th and early 19th centuries in Europe. New farming techniques and improved livestock breeding led to amplified food production. -
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman. They started negotiating in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815. -
Oliver Cromwell’s Navigation Acts
The Navigation Acts were a series of English laws that restricted trade in the colonies to only England.The colonies had been becoming rich off of the Triangular Trade with Africa and the West Indies.
