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Thomas Savery's Steam Engine
Thomas Savery was born in 1650. His steam engine was the first real invented one at the time. He patented the engine on 2nd July.How it worked: Steam was created in the boiler and went into a vacuum which had water sprayed over it. The steam is condensed and creates a vacuum which sucks up the water and goes through a non-return valve that allows it to pass through but not to come back. -
Thomas Newcomen's Steam Engine
Was just an improved version of Savery's. He still used condensation and atmospheric pressure to push mine water into partial vacuum, but added a piston and rocking arm. A steam filled chamber was quickly cooled by injection of cold water to create a vacuum-inducing change in atmospheric pressure.The force of vacuum pulled piston down and pulled chain that activated a pump on the other end of beam. When water in piston turened to steam, it pushed piston up and other side of beam reset the pump -
The Flying Shuttle
It was a key development in the industrialisation of weaving. It allowed a single weaver to weave very wide fabrics and later on could be mechanized which allowed automatic machine looms. It allowed the shuttle to be moved from one side to the other quickly and easily and the operator only needs to reload it and the movements were greatly reduced. Later on, it was automated. It enabled a large in production and prompted the development of more powered spinning machines -
Period: to
Overview 1750-1900
The Industrial Revolution -
Industrial Revolution
It started in 1760 and ended in 1840. It was a time when technology really went up. People started to think for themselves and new things and ideas were made. New things were steam engines and new ideas were though of -
The Spinning Jenny
Invented by James Hargreaves, the Spinning Jenny was a massive change to technology. It allowed operators to spin a massive 8 spools at once rather than just one. It only needed one operator to spin the wheel and produce cotton yarn. It produced coarse thread at the end. It allowed yarn to be produced a lot quicker and easier and as a social change, cotton yarn was cheaper because it was produced in mass numbers due to the Spinning Jenny. -
Power Loom
The Power Loom was patented by Edmund Cartwright. Instead of steam power being used, it was water power that was being used instead. This sped up the weaving process quite a bit and the weavers were able to use all the thread that the spinners had produced. This was the basis of the Lancashire Loom which was automatic -
First Fleet Arrived
The First Fleet arrived in Australia. Captain James Cook was on this fleet and arrived in Australia on this date. We now celebrate in Australia, Australia Day on this date, the 26th of January -
The Sewing Machine
Thomas Saint had patented the design for the Sewing Machine (1790) but didn't advertise it. Away from Britain or Australia, Josef Madersperger developed a working machine in 1807. Thomas Saint's design was the basis of many other sewing machines but he was credited to patenting it. -
Cotton Gin
The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney. It was a machine. The basic thing that it did was it quickly and easily seperated the cotton fibres from their seeds. Then the fibres are processed into clothing or other cloth goods and seeds that are left over or undamaged can be used to grow more cotton. -
James Watt's Steam Engine
Big improvement to previous and model for rest of engines. Improvements: Watt's used steam pressure instead. Piston and cylinder stayed hot so it wasn't damaged. He realised piston could be connected to gears and levers so piston could turn wheels and belts. -
Spinning Mule
Samuel Crompton invented the Spinning Mule. It was a hybrid of the water frame and the spinning jenny. Yarn produced by it was strong and thin so it was reliable. This was a basis Richard Robert's self acting mule which allowed automatic spinning and the yarn to be the same quality. -
Chartism
British government attempted to deal with conditions of Revolution with Poor Law Admentment Act. Means that anyone who needs assistance except for old and sick had to go to workhouse. You were considered to be needing assistance if unemployed.The Act was reminder to workers that they had little/no say in how government ran country. Members of parliament werent paid. 1838 group of reformists put together bill for parliamentry change. -
Factory Acts
Social reformers succeded in making it illegal for children under 9 to work, under 13 could only work 48 hours a week, 14-18 years old could work 69 hours a week and they all recieved 2 hours of school per week. -
Myall Creek Massacre
A massace that was horrific and was not famous because of what happened to the Aboriginals but rather what happened to the white settlers. It was when 11 white settlers, led by John Fleming, came to Myall Creek Station and caught the Aboriginals off guard and brutally tortured and murdered them. 28 Aboriginals were killed and women were raped. After the massacre, 7 of the 11 settlers were trialed and hung. -
Prussia and France
1839 and 1841, Prussia and France introduced similar working laws ( laws like the factory acts) -
Royal Commision findings
The Royal Commision findings found that women and children were carrying up to 150kg of coal on their shoulders/backs -
Mine Acts
These Mine Acts laws banned females and boys under 10 from working underground in mines -
Lancashire Loom
This was a power loom that was semi-automatic. It was invented by James Bullough and William Kenworthy. It still used the principle of the original power loom but had a few improvements. It was semi-automatic because it had to be stopped to recharge empty shuttles. Otherwise, the process was automatic and again this was the basis of Northrop Loom which was a fully automatic power loom -
The People's Charter
1.Introduction of secret ballot 2.Yearly general elections 3.Members of parliament not required to own property 4.Members of parliament are paid a salary 5.Electoral districts of equal size 6.Universal male vate. The charter was put forward in 1834 but came into effect 10 years later. It was put 3 times with millions of signatures but it was said it was utterly incompatible with very existence of civilisation. Many Chartists gave up the idea and emigrated to USA and Australia -
Hours affected in factories
Women in factories had been restricted to a 10 hour day and men hours were also affected -
Gold Rush
In Australia, gold was found near Bathurst, New South Wales and in Victoria, the Clunes goldfield, gold was found there as well . -
Eureka Stockade
A historical significant organised rebellion of gold miners of Ballarat against the collonial authority of the United Kingdom -
First official AFL game
The game was played between Scotch College and Melbourne Grammar -
Working Week hours
It introduced a maximum of 56 hour working week- 10 hour days (Monday to Friday) and a 6 hour day on Saturday -
Connection of the first telephone in Melbourne
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Sheering of the Rams
Tom Roberts finished and finalised this painting on the date and is important for Australian history because it shows hard work for the Australians -
Sewerage in Melbourne
First time was introduced in Melbourne on this date -
Northrop Loom
James Northrop had invented a filling-changing battery to self-tread a shuttle in 1891. This was the basis for the Northrop Loom. The Loom was a fully automatic loom and was first marketed by George Draper and Sons in 1895. It was fully automatic because it could keep going without stopping. It didn't need to stop to refill an empty shuttle because the mechanism allowed it to discard the empty pirn and replace it with a new one without stopping. -
Federation
After many years of preperation, federation occured. It was the process where six seperate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation- Australia. The six states still have their governments but a federal government was formed for federal matters. -
The immigration restriction act
This immigration restriction act only allowed only people of white European descent to come into Australia
