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Ottoman Russian Wars 1700-1800
The 18th century saw constant war and treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, due to Russia's attempts to have a presence on the Black Sea which was Ottoman territory. -
After the Great Northern war
In the Great Northern war, as Charles XII surrendered he escaped to the Ottoman Empire. Peter demanded the Ottoman to hand Charles XII over, when they refused he declared war on them. Peter and his wife Catherine were able to invade Moldavia before the Ottoman army arrived. As the Ottoman army got closer the Russians ran into food shortage. Therefore the Russians were forced to surrender. -
Treaty of the Pruth
Peter was forced to sign a peace treaty, the Treaty of the Pruth, on July 21 1711 he had to give back Azov and release all Ottoman prisoners and bring down all his fortresses and allow Charles XII a safe return to Sweden. -
Catherine I takes the throne
Catherine took the throne of the Russian Empire after the death of her husband Peter the Great. She engaged in wars against the Ottoman Empire from 1736 till 1739. -
At war again
The next conflict between Ottoman and Russia broke out when Russia tried to gain a presence on the Black Sea by stopping the Crimean Tatar attacks on its lands. The Tsar denounced that the Ottoman were neglecting the Treaty of the Pruth, therefore the Ottoman declared war on Russia in 1736. Russia captured Azov and other fortresses. -
Austria enters the war
Austria entered the war against the Ottoman in July and was defeated many times. In August the Ottoman Empire, Russia and Austria started negotiations which didn’t lead to anything. -
Treaty of Belgrade and Treaty of Nis
Austria was defeated and signed the Treaty of Belgrade. Austria’s withdrawal forced Russia to accept peace with the Ottomans with the Treaty of Nis. Russia was allowed to build Azov, but gave up Crimea and Moldavia, and weren’t allowed the right to have a fleet on the Black Sea. -
Catherine II interferes
The sultan declared war on Russia again When Catherine II began interfering in Polish affairs. The Russians were able to advance quickly and take Moldavia and Walachia because the Ottoman Empire’s military was weakened. -
Russia reaches the Black Sea
The Russian army decimated an Ottoman army, took Crimea and dominated naval warfare in the Black Sea. -
The Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji
After the Ottomans loss against Russia the Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji was signed. The treaty allowed the Ottoman Sultan to remain the Caliph of the Crimean Muslims. Russia gained the right of navigation in the Black Sea, and to maintain a fleet. -
Catherine at war
In 1787 Catherine tried to take over the European territories that belonged to the Ottoman Empire and divide them between Russia and Austria. The Ottoman then waged war to take over Crimea. -
Critical stage of the war
The Russians took over Walachia and Austria took Belgrade and were both preparing to head towards Constantinople. Here the war reached a critical stage and the other European powers convinced them to end the war in order to stop the revolutions that had started in France. -
Treaty of Jassy
The Russians signed to Treaty of Jassy. The treaty confirmed the Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji, Russia gained dominance in the Black Sea, and the Ottoman restored Bessarabia, Moldavia, and Walachia.