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Period: to
Ataturk's Rise to Power
Theme: The nationalist movement had to manage trying to become an independent state while fighting a war. Mustafa Kemal gained control over the Ottoman army. defeated the invading forces. Appeal to nationalism from Ottomanism. -
Paris Peace Conference Begins
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Period: to
War of Independence (Greko-Turkish War)
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Mustafa Kemal is sent to handle civil war in Anatolia
Mustafa Kemal, a commander of the Ottoman Empire, was sent by the Sultan to handle the rebellion. Rather than stopping the movement, he gradually became the leader of the movement. Importance #5: This is important because this is the first step of Mustafa Kemal moving into his power in Anatolia. -
Greece invades Turkey
Greece invades turkey after the negotiations in the Paris Peace Treaty occurs. Greece now has rights to have Izmir. Importance #5: This is important because without this event Kemal would not have been sent to Anatolia to handle the revolt. This would eventually lead to his taking of power in the nationalist movement. -
Ataturk is dismissed from his position from the Ottoman Empire
Due to his actions with the nationalist movement, and takes leadership of movement. -
Meeting in Amarya
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The Congress of Erzurum
This is the first organized gathering of the Turkish Nationalist movement, which stated that no priveleges that might impair Turkey's political sovereignty would be granted to the Christians Importance #4: This is the first moment where the new Turkish Government is negotiating about the faith of the new republic. -
Sivas Congress
The congress at Sivas took a number of vital decisions which were fundamentally to shape the future policy to be conducted in the frame of the Turkish War of Independence. -
Election to Ottoman Parliament
Nationalist movement had won the majority of the nationalist seats in the parliament. -
National Pact is created and adopted by the Ottoman Parliament
This was part of the constitution that assured the full right of Turkish Sovereignty over the remaining portions of the empire. Ottoman territory, mostly Muslim majority, would be under Turkey. -
Britain Occupies Istanbul
Caused by the Ottoman decision to adopt the National Pact, the British troops try to limit their decision. -
Grand National Assembly convene for the first time
Composed of deleggates chosen by local resistance groups throughout Anatolia and Thrace and also including several members of the dissolved Ottoman parliament. The government has been shut down. Representatives from all resistance group convened and agreed to form a government with Mustafa Kemal as their President. This meeting occured in Ankara because Istanbul is still under Britain. Importance #3: This is the first point where Mustafa Kemal is seen as the President of the state of Turkey. -
Treaty of Sevres is Signed
A treaty that divided Turkey among the remaining Ottoman Empire, France, Italy, Britain and Greece. Ottoman Sultan signed this treaty weakening the Sultanate and gave more power to the national assembly. -
USSR & Turkey agreement
This agreement split Armenia and this would give USSR and Turkey a new relationship. -
Grand National Assembly adopt the renewed National Pact.
This would eventually lead to the creation of the Turkish constitution. -
USSR and France Recognize Ankara, Italy pulls out of Turkey
The USSR and France recognize the new Turkish Government. This is the first time the international community recognize Kemal's government. -
Mustafa Kemal and his forces move to Istanbul
Mustafa and his men peacefully make their way into Istanbul where the British army is based and successfuly, and diplomatically, take the city. Importance #2: At this point Mustafa is slowly being recognized as the leader of the Turks and the Sultanate less significant in politica matters. -
Armistice of Mudanya is signed
This Armistice, which Britain, Turkey and Greece signed, would arrange for the withdrawal of the Greek armed forces and called for a renegotiation of the terms of the Treaty of Sevres. This is the end of the war of independence. -
Assembly Abolish Sultanate
The Grand Assembly pass a resolution that abolished the sultanate and seperated the caliphate. The caliphate was now a religious office with no political power. Importance #1: This basically gives the power of the country to Mustafa Kemal, and officially makes him the leader of Turkey. -
Treaty of Lausanne
This treaty recognized the new Turkish government. This would confirm that France, Italy and Greece would leave anatolia and give the new Turkish government jurisdiction of the area.Ankara, representing Turkey in this treaty. -
Mustafa Kemal Becomes the first President of Turkey
Turkish Republic declares their sovereignty.
