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2000 BCE
Sea Navigation
The first known art of sea navigation was created by the Phoenicians. (navigation) -
Chronometer
A British clockmaker by the name of John Harrison created the seagoing chronometer. (navigation) -
Deep Sea
Life was found in the deep sea (4,389 meters) which was MUCH deeper than the previous record. (scientific research) -
Groundwork for Oceanography
The H.M.S. Challenger takes a trip around the globe collecting intel for 4 years that would lay the foundation for modern oceanography. (scientific research) -
First Research Vessel
The Albatross starts operating as the first ship dedicated for oceanographic research purposes. (scientific research) -
Gyro Compass
The gyroscopic compass was created and always points towards true north. (navigation) -
Acoustic Exploration
An oscillator is used by Reginald Fessenden to bounce signals off icebergs and the sea floor simultaneously. (navigation) -
Sextant
The sextant was invented to help determine the angle between the horizon and the sun, moon, and stars to determine latitude. (navigation) -
The Trieste
The Trieste dove down to a depth of 10,912 meters in the Mariana Trench. (navigation & scientific research) -
Seafloor Maps
Data from a U.S. Navy Earth observation satellite is used to help lead the mapping of the seafloor. (navigation & scientific research)