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The Hindu Indian National Congeress
One of the groups to free India from foreign rule formed. This group was called the Hindu Indian National Congress (Congress Party). -
The Muslim League
The other group to free India from foreign rule was created. This group was called the Muslim League. -
Indian Troops Return Home
As the Indian troops returned home from helping the British army in war. They expected the British to do the reforms that they promised, however, they were completley ignored. -
Rowlatt Acts
Since the Indians began to show their hatred against the British, the British passed the Rowlatt Acts which were a series of laws that allowed the govenment to jail protsters without trial. -
Amritsar Massacre
Hindus and Muslims went to Amritsar to pray and listen to political speeches as a way to protest the Rowlatt Acts. They were unaware that the British had recently banned publc meetings and the British thought that such gathering was on purpose. Alarmed, the British troops were ordered to fire at the crowd. (400 Indiands died and 1,200 were wounded) -
Greek Soldiers invaded Turkey
Greek soldiers invaded Turkey and threatned to conquer it. -
Civil Desobedience
After the massacre, Gandhi emerged as the leader of the independence movement. When the British failed to punish the officers responsible for the massacre, Gandhi urged the Indian National Congress to follow a policy of noncooperation with the British Government. The Congress Party endorsed "Civil Desobedience" (the deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law, and nonviolence as the means to achieve independence). -
Boycotts
Gandhi told the Indians to refuse to buy British goods, attend government schools, pay British taxes, and vote in elections. Instead of buying British cloth, he asked the Indians to weave their own. The sale of British cloth in India dropped a lot. -
Mustafa Kemal leads the Turkish Nationalists
Mustafa Kemal arose to command the Turkish nationalists in fighting against the Greeks and won. -
Mustafa Kemal becomes the President
Mustafa Kemal became the president of the new Republic of Turkey after defeating the Greek soldiers. His goal was to transform Turkey into a modern nation. -
Reza Shah Pahlavi Becomes Leader of Pesia
After seizing power, Reza Shah Pahlavi (persian officer) in 1921, he deposed the ruling shah in 1925 and became the new leader of Persia. He established schools, built roads and railroads, promotd industrial growth, etc, to modernize his country. -
Salt March
Gandhi organized a march along the seacost where they collected seawater and let it evaporate to create their own salt. This was a demostration to protest against the Salt Act (act that only allowed the Indians to buy British salt and pay tax on it). 60,000 people, including Gandhi were arrested. -
The New Kingdom Becomes Saudi Arabia
After running a successfull camapaign to unify Arabia in 1902, Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud renamed the new kingdom Saudi Arabia. -
Persia Becomes Iran
Reza Shah Pahlavi changed the name of Persia to Iran. -
Government of India Act
The British Parliament passed the Government of India Act. It provided local self-government and limited democtratic elections, but not total independence. This act also created tension between the Muslim and Hindus because of their different visions of India's future as an independent nation. -
Mustafa Kemal's Death
Mustafa Kemal died in 1938. The Turkish people named him: Ataturk (father of the Turks) because his influence was very strong.
