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Period: to
1945 to 2012
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CHIKUNGUNYA FEVER
Chikungunya fever is a viral disease that is spread to humans by mosquitoes that are infected with the disease. It was first discovered in Tanzania in 1953 and has been cited as the cause of numerous human epidemics in many areas in Africa and Asia and most recently in limited areas in Europe. Some of the symptoms are fever, severe joint paintime. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/chikungunya/ -
ASIAN FLU (H2N2)
The Asian flu was a new strain of influenza and was a global disease during the timeframe of 1945 to present and is an example of how diseases can spread . It was found in February 1957 and originated in a province in south-central China, Guizhou, but was actually found in East Asia. This virus spread quickly to Singapore. Hong Kong had their first reported cases in April and in June the disease hit the United State
http://asianhistory.about.com/od/asianenvironmentalhistory/p/flupandemics.htm -
7th Pandemic of Cholera
Cholera is another example of a global disease for the timeframe I am working with and how over the years it has changed. If we look at the first 6 pandemics there were deaths associated with cholera and during the 7th pandemic there were no deaths. The 7th pandemic started in South Asia in 1961, and reached Africa in 1971 and the Americas in 1991. Cholera is now endemic in many countries.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs107/en/ -
NOROVIRUSES
Noroviruses was first discovered in 1972 and is the leading cause of food borne disease outbreaks worldwide. In [children less than five years of age, it is the second most common cause of severe gastroenteritis. There is approximately 900,000 cases in industrial nations of pediatric gastroenteritis but in developing nations, there are at least ](Noroviruses was first discovered in 1972 and is the leading cause of food borne disease outbreaks worldwide. In children less than five years of age, it is the second most common cause of severe gastroenteritis. There is approximately 900,000 cases in industrial nations of pediatric gastroenteritis but in developing nations, there are at least 1.1 million cases and 218,000 deaths. Close living quarters and unsanitary conditions help to spread the disease. http://www.discoverymedicine.com/Hoonmo-L-Koo/2010/07/22/noroviruses-the-leading-cause-of-gastroenteritis-worldwide/)1.1 million cases and 218,000 deaths. Close living quarters and unsanitary conditions help to spread the disease. http://www.discoverymedicine.com -
EBOLA VIRUS
The Ebola virus was first discovered in a western province of Sudan and also in another region of the Congo in 1976. Most of the confirmed cases were from 1976 to 2002 were in Africa and since then there has only been one reported case in England. This virus is transmitted by direct contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other body fluids of an infected person. It is responsible for over 1200 deaths since the inception of the virus. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/ -
BEGINNING OF HIV
HIV is a very infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths worldwide, not to mention the millions of people that are infected with the disease since it was first discovered. The beginning of the HIV discovery is stated as June 5, 1981. This was when the Centers for Disease Control reported five cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in young homosexual men in Los Angeles, few suspected it heralded a pandemic of AIDS.
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp068074 -
HEPATITIS C
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a worldwide disease that has the potential to cause a substantial morbidity and mortality in the future. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease. The complexity and uncertainty related to the geographic distribution of HCV infection and chronic hepatitis C, determination of its associated risk factors, and evaluation of cofactors that accelerate its progression, underscore the difficulties in global prevention and control of HCV. -
NIPAH VIRUS
Nipah Virus was first discovered in a Malaysia in Sept of 1998. The disease is transmitted to pigs through infected bats. About ninety percent of the people that were infected in 1998 were pig farmers and the infected pigs transmitted the the virus to humans. There were 477 cases reported and of that number, the virus is responsible for killing about 252 since 1998. Outbreaks have also occurred in Bangladesh and India. http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/CDS_Nipah_Virus.pdf -
SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a respiratory infection that has infected people worldwide. The first case of SARS appeared in November 2002 and originated in a southern province of China, Guangdong. It quickly spread from China to Asia and other countries . There was 8,096 cases of SARS and of that number, SARS is responsible for killing approximately 800 people around the world, including 44 in Toronto and 350 in China.
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/SARS/Pages/Introduction.aspx -
MAD COW DISEASE
Mad Cow disease is contracted by people being exposed to food that is contaminated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). In November 2006 there were 200 individuals worldwide diagnosed with mad cow disease, including 164 people in the UK, 21 in France, 4 in the Republic of Ireland, the 3 in the US, 2 in the Netherlands, and 1 each in Canada, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, and Spain, according to the CDC.
http://rarediseases.about.com/od/rarediseases1/a/vcjd.htm -
NDM-1 Superbug
The NDM-1 infection was first identified in 2009 and has been called a "superbug". NDM-1 has been most commonly reported from India and Pakistan but now is spreading throughout the world as people travel from country to country. NDM-1 is a bacteria that usually lives in the bowel but has known to jump to other bacteria in the digestive tract. It can spread to other people from items that are contaminated with fecal material. http://www.medicinenet.com/ndm-1/article.htm -
H1N1 Flu
H1N1 is a swine Flu that was first detected in Mexico. This flu caused a worldwide scare and the WHO declared this flu to be the first worldwide pandemic in 41 years. This flu is appears to kill one out of every 2,000 people in America and half of that number for a death rate by British researchers. This flu has reached more than 200 countries and in places like eastern Europe and Russia it is still peaking. http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/i/influenza/swine_infl
