Molecular Biology History

By fer_dltc

  • Mendel's Laws of Inheritance

    By: Gregor Mendel

  • Genetic Recombination in bacteria

    (aka conjugation - bacterial reproduction)
    By: Lederberg and Tatum

  • Genetic Recombination in bacteriophage

    By: A. Hershey

  • Chargaff's Rules

    A=T, G=C, A+G=T+C, A+T≠G+C
    By: E. Chargaff

  • Described the in vitro synthesis of DNA

    By: Kornberg

  • Structure of nucleotides and nucleosides

    Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work
    By: A. Todd

  • Gene Expression

    By: George W. Beadle, Joshua Lederberg and Edward L. Tatum

  • Synthesis of DNA and ARN

    By: Arthur Kornberg and Severo Ochoa

  • Three-dimensional structure of DNA

    By: Francis H. C. Crick, and James D. Watson

  • Transfer RNA (tRNA) Structure

    By: Robert W. Holley

  • Genetic Code

    By: H. Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley

  • Genetic Structure of Viruses

    By: Max Delbruck, Alfred D. Hershey and Salvador E. Luria

  • Reverse Transcriptase and tumor virus activity

    By: David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco and Howard M. Temin

  • Restriction endonuclease technology

    By: Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith,

  • Recombinant DNA technology and DNA sequencing technology

    By: Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, and Frederick Sanger

  • Antibody formation

    By: Niels K. Jerne

  • Monoclonal antibodies

    By: Georges Kohler, and Cesar Milstein

  • Human Genome Project

    Objectives:
    -Identify all the approximately 20,500 genes in human DNA
    -Determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA
    _Store this information in databases
    -Improve tools for data analysis

  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

    By: Kary Mullis and Michael Smith

  • First approved GMO

    The FDA approved the first genetically engineered food -- FlavrSavr tomatoes engineered for better flavor and shelf life.

  • Dolly the sheep

    First adult animal clone at The Rosalin Institute

  • RNA Interference

    By: Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello

  • Discovery of HIV

    By: Francoise Barré- Sinoussi, and Luc Montaigner

  • CRISPR-Cas9

    Genome editing technology