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Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
By: Gregor Mendel -
Genetic Recombination in bacteria
(aka conjugation - bacterial reproduction)
By: Lederberg and Tatum -
Genetic Recombination in bacteriophage
By: A. Hershey -
Chargaff's Rules
A=T, G=C, A+G=T+C, A+T≠G+C
By: E. Chargaff -
Described the in vitro synthesis of DNA
By: Kornberg -
Structure of nucleotides and nucleosides
Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work
By: A. Todd -
Gene Expression
By: George W. Beadle, Joshua Lederberg and Edward L. Tatum -
Synthesis of DNA and ARN
By: Arthur Kornberg and Severo Ochoa -
Three-dimensional structure of DNA
By: Francis H. C. Crick, and James D. Watson -
Transfer RNA (tRNA) Structure
By: Robert W. Holley -
Genetic Code
By: H. Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley -
Genetic Structure of Viruses
By: Max Delbruck, Alfred D. Hershey and Salvador E. Luria -
Reverse Transcriptase and tumor virus activity
By: David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco and Howard M. Temin -
Restriction endonuclease technology
By: Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith, -
Recombinant DNA technology and DNA sequencing technology
By: Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, and Frederick Sanger -
Antibody formation
By: Niels K. Jerne -
Monoclonal antibodies
By: Georges Kohler, and Cesar Milstein -
Human Genome Project
Objectives:
-Identify all the approximately 20,500 genes in human DNA
-Determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA
_Store this information in databases
-Improve tools for data analysis -
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
By: Kary Mullis and Michael Smith -
First approved GMO
The FDA approved the first genetically engineered food -- FlavrSavr tomatoes engineered for better flavor and shelf life. -
Dolly the sheep
First adult animal clone at The Rosalin Institute -
RNA Interference
By: Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello -
Discovery of HIV
By: Francoise Barré- Sinoussi, and Luc Montaigner -
CRISPR-Cas9
Genome editing technology