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Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. the Board of Education was a case that was brought to the Supreme Court, in which they ruled that segregation was not constitutional. This case established the concept of equal education for all students. This case is what paved the way for rights and a protection of those rights for students with disabilities. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
A law that was passed in order to protect and and provide for students that came from disadvantaged backgrounds, in order for them to receive equal access to public education. ESSA strived to improve educational opportunities for disadvantage students. They did this by ensuring that all students' had their basic needs met in order to fully benefit from their education. -
Diana v. State Board of Education
This was a case about a girl, Diana, a Spanish-speaking student in Monterey County, California, had been placed in a class for mildly mentally retarded students because she had scored low on an IQ test given to her in English. This led to the courts deciding children should be tested in their native language. -
Education of the Handicapped Act (P.L. 91-230)
This was a revision of ESEA. This law prohibited handicapped children from being excluded from public schools. It encouraged state-run programs for individuals with disabilities in addition to an educational plan with parent input. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
The Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) sued the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for a state law that allowed public schools to deny education to children with disabilities. The judged ruled that no child eligible for public education could be denied -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142)
This law required all public schools receiving federal funds to provide equal access to education for children with physical and/or intellectual disabilities. Students with learning disabilities and other needs were required to be identified and would then be provided with special education.
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is a federal law that ensures every student with a disability receives a Free Appropriate Public Education. This is done in order to meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education. The school system is required to create a personalized strategy to help the student.
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Oberti v. Board of Education of the Borough of Clementon School District
This was a court case in which they established inclusion with supplementary aids and services. The school district maintained that Rafael was not prepared for mainstreaming, while the Oberti family presented experts who testified that Rafael could be mainstreamed with supplemental aids and services. It established that if placement outside the classroom is necessary, the school district must then include the child in as many school programs with children who do not have disabilities. -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
In 2001, No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) reauthorized the ESEA. The law held schools accountable for how kids learned and achieved.In order to receive federal funding, states had to give these assessments to all students in certain grade levels. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)
The 2004 re-authorization of IDEA included additional improvements regarding personnel qualifications, assessments, and IEPs. The improved guidelines included Zero reject/free appropriate education. It also includes Child Find, IEP, Least Restrictive Environments, Confidentiality of records and Due Process.
