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Period: Jan 1, 622 to
Prophet Muhammad's Migration to Madinah
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Jun 13, 622
Prophet Muhammad's Migration
After he heard of the Quraysh's plan to assassinate him, he asked Ali to sleep in his bed and left to go to Madinah with Abu Bakr. It took about 30 days, and the Prophet had to find many places to hide. He hid in a cave until Imam Ali sent two camels with a guide to the cave. -
Jul 11, 622
Naming of Madinah
When the Prophet arrived in Madinah, he was welcomed joyously. The first thing he did was to rename Yathrib (the old name for Madinah) to Madinat-un-Nabi (the City of the Prophet). This signified that Madinah was now the place where all the Muslims would stay and live. He also named the people of Madinah "Ansar", or helpers, and the people who migrated as "Muhajireen", or immigrants. -
Jul 11, 622
Building of the Mosque
All the people in Madinah wanted the honor of housing the Prophet. To make it fair, he got off his camel and siad he would stay where it stopped. It stopped at a small empty field. He asked who that field belonged to and was told that 2 young orphans owned it. Nearby, he had found a place to live. He bought the field from the orphans, levelled it, and started to build the mosque. It was about 30 by 35 meters, and 2 meters high. It served as a a mosque, the house of the Prophet, -
Jul 12, 622
Ties of Brotherhood
Since all the Muhajireen had left all their belongings in Makkah and came to Madinah empty-handed, Prophet Muhammad gave every one of those people a brother from Madinah who would house and support them. The last person left was Ali, who was sad at not having been tied to someone, when the Prophet explained that Ali was the Prophet's brother in life and in death. -
Jul 13, 622
Building of the Mosque (continued)
and as the command center for the Muslims. -
May 27, 623
Battle of Badr
This was the first jihad the Muslims had encountered. The forces of the disbelievers were about a thousand people, while the Muslims were around 313 people. However, the Muslims won that war. 70 of the disbelievers were killed, and 70 were taken captive. For their freedom, they could pay a ransom or educate 10 children of Madinah. This was an important turning point for the Prophet as he turned from an outlaw to an Islamic commander. -
May 19, 624
Battle of Uhud (continued)
in that battle, and they learnt a valuable lesson, to follow the rules set by the Prophet. -
May 19, 624
Battle of Uhud
The Makkans wanted revenge for their defeat in the Battle of Badr. They organized an army of about 3000 people, and the Muslims had an army of 700 people. The Prophet had posted some archers on a hill, and told them to stay there, no matter what. After a while, it seemed that the Makkans were retreating, so some of the archers went to collect the spoils. Khalid ibn Waleed then saw an opportunity to attack the Muslims from the back, which had a crippling effect. The Muslims suffered many losses -
Apr 30, 627
Battle of Khandaq
The Jewish tribe of Banu Qaynuqaa' was exiled from Madinah for trouble-making. They went to live in other cities, which angered the Banu Nuzayr. One time, the Prophet went to their fortresses to negotiate. While they were waiting, the Jews told a man to go behind the Prophet and drop a huge rock on his head. The Prophet found out about this just in time and left. -
Apr 30, 627
Battle of Khandaq (continued)
The disbelievers gathered an army of 10000 people to the Muslims' 3000. Salman Farsi advised the Prophet to dig a trench around the city, to deter the disbelievers. This was finished just in time. The disbelievers could find no way to cross the trench. One of their warriors, Amr bin Abdiwad, got across. He was considered a very capable warrior. However, Imam Ali easily defeated him, lowering the morale of the disbelievers. The battle was settled after the Prophet signed some treaties. -
Battle of Khaybar
After winning the Battle of Khandaq, the Prophet decided to punish the Jews by order of Allah. They fought many battles with all the Jews in the area, and emerged victorious in all of them. The most important battle was the Battle of Khaybar. The Jews were very well protected and well armed. However, when Ali killed Marhab, their morale changed, and the Muslims won. -
Inviting Rulers and Kings to Islam
After settling in Madinah, the Prophet sent out many invitations to many different kings to encourage them to join Islam. But, the Makkans breached their treaty, which caused the Prophet to go to Makkah with 10000 men, but they had no resistance. They conquered Makkah with no bloodshed.
