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Period: 1823 BCE to 1876 BCE
Years of Chaos
-Mexican hopes that independence would bring a modernized economy and more egalitarian society.
-Feuds and class differences taht had been matters of life ans death during the fisghting, between aristrocats creoles and mestizos, between liberal antilerics and the church. -
1325 BCE
The aztecs
The aztecs found the empire od Tenochitlaf -
1200 BCE
Pre-Colombian Mexico
-Around the time in Wich Egypt was rules by the dynasty of ramses. the great.
-Pre-Colombian cities ranked around the largest in the world, Teotihuacan.
-In the early 16th centuary, the aztecs capital Teochititlan was fice times larger than london. -
1200 BCE
Mesoamericans Art
-Shelfish
-Turtles
-Fish
-Clay
-Stone -
1200 BCE
Mesoamerican Religion
-Maiz is the symbol of Religion.
-Shamands ruled a communication with Gods -
Period: 1200 BCE to 1400 BCE
Diversity of mesoamerican civilization
-Mesoamericans civilization survived 2,500 years.
- Mesoamericans trade goods and trade patterns changed over these many centuries.
-The preclassic perios was dominated by the earliest Olmec Culture. -
Period: 1200 BCE to 1900 BCE
Olmecs
-The olmecs constructed the first monumental buildings.
Their location:
-Temoxoco
-Lakes 80 miles away of CDMX.
Monuments:
-Pyramids of the sun and moon.
-Buildings for administration and market. -
1517
The age of conquest
-For Mexico the conquest defines the beginning of the modern mestizo nation of mixed indigenous and European people.
-Francisco Hernández de Córdoba, the first European to visit Mexican territory, arrives in the Yucatán from Cuba with three ships and about 100 men.
- Like Mostly European visitors who came to the New World, Cortés is also driven by the attempt and wish to find a route to Asia and its immense riches in spices and other resources. -
1519
Conquest
-The Spaniards take control of Tabasco, wich is where they begin learning about the Aztec civilization, now ruled by Moctezuma II.
-Defying the authority of Velasquéz, Cortés founds the city of Veracruz, on the Gulf of Mexico directly east of Mexico City. -
1519
La Malinche
-La Malinche was a really important women who served as Cortes translator in Mexico.
-She knew 3 languages, Mayan, nauht and spanish.
-La malinche was the women incharged of making Cortes negociations with the Indians. -
1521
The Found of an empire: Sixteen-Century Mexico
While Cortes was conquering Tenochitlan, no one in Spain paid attention at the the moment of victory over the Aztec capital, Cortes remained withought official recognition from charles v.
-A port was biuld at Veracruz, and other ports were stablished on the pacific coast at places like Acapulco. -
1521
Batmized
At the frirs discovered, conversion often involves only the venner of these similarities to christianity:
Traditional beliefs and practice.
Indians now needed to beliefe and respect a new god. -
1537
The espiritual conquest
-With millions to covert the friars counted only in the hundred, yet they remained undaunted in the task of spiritual conquest.
-Nine million people were biptized in the centrak region,.
-They baptozed around 4,000 people a day -
1551
New Spain
New spain Products:
-Vanilla
-Chocolate
-Maize
-Toamato
Spain regular Economy:
-Galleons (Ships sailed to spain with protection)
-Gold was the main product to send to spain -
1551
The Hacienda
-Initially the spaniards had taken form the indians whatever they could sell abroad.
-Bishops were happy with mitres made by aztecs featherworkers, settlers found they could convert the native dye cochinel into Europeans most fashional clothes. -
The colony of new spain
-People of either view saw mexico as a por of gold to be melted as molded into their own treasure.
-During three centuries of Spaniars domination, the lans was transformed by new crops and techologies and trade, new cities and ports.
-Mexico city were broad, parks and plazas were graced by fountains. -
Period: to
The bourbon reforms and Independence
As the century progressed to embrace both the americans and french revolution, increasingly radical ideas filtered into New Spain, ideas about social equiality and self-governace.
-In 1700, the Hapsburg control of spains monarchy ended. GIven the devasted condition of the empire, the end should have come sooner. -
Bourbon Reforms
Although most courts in european could make some claim as to their right to rule spain, it was the french dynasty of the bourbons that maneuveted philip. -
Reforms
-The reforms made Mexico the most prosperous of all Spains colonies.
-Many of the reforms benefited Peninsulares ans indeed increased emegration form spain.
The pulque abd tabcco molopolies increased prices on locally consumed product and displaced those which has haciendas producting. -
General Santa anna
Republic governed by an elected congrees ans presiednt was stablishes under the constitution of 1824 a document that would be replaces and fought over byt returned over the time. -
Period: to
The reform war
Mexico army declare the conservative general felix zuloaga president.
Mexico was again at war, this time for three years. Many noncombatants were treated brutally. -
No reelaction
SInce independence the uncompromising factinalism of mexico has benefited the military.
First, it created emperor iturbide. With Juarez the country took a breather from generals. -
Period: to
The porfiriato dictatorship
For 34 years mexico was rules by a man who fought his way itno power on the slogan, no reelaction.
Porfirio this dictator left an extarordinary legacy.
His most exeptional legacy was teh revolution of 1910. -
Period: to
Economy Depression
Dias adopted the standars for rency real wages fell. And depression 1907-08 triggered allowing U.S. economy caused layoffs and further reduction in wages.
In the midt of its first economic crisis, he laissez-fiare policies of the porfiriato did tittle to provide relief. The government made matters worse by increasing taxes on the middle class. -
Period: to
Frida kahlo
She reprsents the progress some women made in the early 20th century.
She painted samelles canvases taht nonethledd captures the epochs spirit.
She was one of the most as well as famous mexican artists. -
Period: to
The Revolution of 1910
The most devastating civil was in Mexican history produces modern Mexico.
In the 10 years of its military hase, between 1910 and 1920 as many as 2 million people mas have been killed.
The Mexian revolution creates new plotical structures and produced the constituion of 1917. -
President Madero
By 1911, Díaz is forced to step aside and Madero is elected president, but conflict and violence continue for the better part of the next decade. Popular leaders like Emiliano Zapata in southern Mexico and Pancho Villa in the north emerge as the champions of the peasant and working class, refusing to submit to presidential authority. -
Period: to
The Carranza presidency
The constitución also legitimized his election to a four-year term as president in march 1917.
The constitucional president simply ignores the rest of provisions.
He did nothing to implement change, criticized for his failure to conform to the constitución. -
The institutionalized Revolution
Elected in 1940, Cárdenas’ more conservative successor, Manual Ávila Camacho, forges a friendlier relationship with the U.S During World War II, Mexican pilots fight against Japanese forces in the Philippines, serving alongside the U.S. Air Force. In 1944, Mexico agrees to pay U.S. oil companies $24 million, plus interest, for properties expropriated in 1938. The following year, Mexico joins the newly created United Nations. -
The horrible assesination
Mexico City is chosen to host the Olympic Games. Over the course of the year, student protesters stage a number of demonstrations in an attempt to draw international attention of president, Gustavo Díaz Ordaz. On October 2, Mexican security forces and military troops at Tlatelolco Plaza made an open fire. Resulting death and injury toll is concealed by the Mexican government (and their allies in Washington), at least 100 people are killed and many others wounded. The Games go ahead as planned. -
The earthquake ok 1985
As if matters were nos bad enougph, they were worsened by two catastrophic.
On september 19 the capital was devasted by a tremendous earthquake that measured 8.1.
The death was estimated at between 7,000 and 20,000 people. Over 100,000 were left homeless on injured -
Financial Crisis
By the mid-1980s, Mexico is in financial crisis. On September 19, 1985, an earthquake in Mexico City kills nearly 10,000 people and causes heavy damage. The displaced residents, dissatisfied with the government’s response to their situation, form grassroots organizations that will blossom into a full-fledged human rights and civic action movement during the late 1980s and 1990s. -
PRI
The latest PRI candidate, Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de Leon, is elected president and immediately faces a banking crisis when the value of the Mexican peso plunges on international markets. The United States loans Mexico $20 billion, which, along with a plan of economic austerity, helps stabilize its currency. -
Lázaro Cárdenas
The corruption-plagued PRI suffers a shocking defeat, losing the mayoralty of Mexico City (also known as the Distrito Federal, or DF) to PRD candidate Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas, son of former president Lázaro Cárdenas, by an overwhelming margin. -
Andrés Manual López Obrador
In the July presidential election, the PAN’s Felipe Calderón apparently wins by less than one percentage point over the PRD’s Andrés Manual López Obrador, with the PRI in third place. With the country strongly divided along class lines–López Obrador aims to represent Mexico’s poor, while Calderón promises to continue the country’s business and technological development–López Obrador and his supporters reject the results as fraudulent and stage mass protests.