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He described how to cure breathing difficulties by a surgical opening of the trachea, or wind pipe.
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The difference between veins and arteries is made, this is important because these two things though similar do very different things. With the discovery of these comes much more research and understanding of the body.
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the scientist Avicenna (or Ibn Sina; 980-1037), produced a philosophical-scientific encyclopedia
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Health care for the sick
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Frenchwoman, Jacoba Felicie tries to practice medicine (without a license) but is denied.
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Leonardo Da Vinci made many drawings and notes of the human anatomy and contributed greatly to our understanding of the human body.
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He was the first to fully explain human anatomy and he published his findings in a book.
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First to claim each disease had its own germs. Also introduced idea of diseases spreading through air or skin contact
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Ambroise Pare was the first to introduce the idea of tying off arteries before amputation. He also created artificial hands with moving fingers.
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a method or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses. This begins to be used. (wikipedia)
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The development of the reflecting microscope, first made by robert hooke, helped medical research.
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Previously, the existence of single-celled organisms was entirely unknown, until Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria and described them.
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Francis Bacon used a microscope to discover plague fleas.
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Edward Jenner was an English physician and scientist who was the pioneer of smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine.[1][2] He is often called "the father of immunology", and his work is said to have "saved more lives than the work of any other human". (wikipedia)
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Semmelweis discovered that the incidence of puerperal fever could be drastically cut by the use of hand disinfection in obstetrical clinics. (wikipedia)
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He was a leader in the adoption of anaesthaesia and medical hygiene. He traced the source of cholera, stopping an outbreak in Soho, London.
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Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization. He is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of diseases, and his discoveries have saved countless lives ever since. He reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax.
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He is known for his role in identifying the specific causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax and for giving experimental support for the concept of infectious disease. (wikipedia)
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By applying Louis Pasteur's advances in microbiology, he promoted the idea of sterile surgery while working at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary. Lister successfully introduced carbolic acid (now known as phenol) to sterilise surgical instruments and to clean wounds, which led to a reduction in post-operative infections and made surgery safer for patients. (wikipedia)
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Marie Curie was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity.
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Bubonic Plague struck the city of San Francisco twice, causing notice of ways it spread
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Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy.
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Albert Hyman created ths first artificial pacemaker, helping regulate the beat of ones heart.
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Salk discovered the first polio vaccine. it consists of an injected dose of inactivated (dead) poliovirus. (wikipedia)
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After vaccination campaigns throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the WHO certified the eradication of smallpox in 1979. Smallpox is one of two infectious diseases to have been eradicated. (wikipedia)
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Zidovudine (INN) or azidothymidine (AZT) (also called ZDV) is a nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), a type of antiretroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS infection. AZT inhibits the enzyme (reverse transcriptase) that HIV uses to synthesize DNA, thus preventing viral DNA from forming. (wikipedia)
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Steve Thomas was the first to use sterile maggots for infectious wound treatment.
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The first FDA approved implanted AbioCor artificial heart placed in a patient on June 24. Patient died on August 23.
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Rhazes discovered the difference between smallpox and measles. This played a role in the development of medicine as a science.
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In 900, the first medical school was started in salerno, Italy
