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200
Barber-surgeons cut hair, perform surgery; barber pole sympol popularized.
Middle Ages barbers cut more then hair. Barber-surgeons performed surgery to treat cataracts and bloodletting. They also served with military and treated injuries sustained to battle. They amputated limbs and burned the stumps to seal the blood vessels. -
200
Galen; tracheotomy
The Egyptians trained many physicians, one of them being Galen. He used his skills to treat the injured. He described how to cure breathing difficulties by performing a tracheotomy, a surgical opening of the trachea, or wind pipe. -
500
What Happened During the Middle Ages
During the Middle Ages, science and reason began to replace people's beliefs in spiritual or superstitious causes for illness. Christian monastaries founded to treat the ill. -
500
Medical Care Becomes Regulated
Regulating of Medical Care began in the Middle Ages. Physicians were licensed after formal training with expirienced doctors. Physicians and surgeons recieved diffrent training. -
500
Religion and Medicine
Religion continued to play a significant role in healthcare. Both Christian and Muslim teachings encouraged the care of thise in need. -
Period: 500 to Jan 1, 1500
Middle Ages
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Jan 1, 600
First Physicians Under Muslim Rule
The first physicians under Muslim rule were Christians or Jews in conquered areas in the 7th century -
Jan 1, 705
First Hospital Discovered
The first hospital was founded by Caliph Al-Walid I an Ummayad Caliph (705-715 AD) in Jundishapur, a Persian city in the province of Ahwaz. -
Jan 1, 1248
One of the Largest Hospitals Ever Built
One of the largest hospitals ever built was the Mansuri Hospital in Cairo, completed in 1248 AD under the rule of the Mameluke ruler of Egypt, Mansur Qalaun. The hospital garnered many endowments for its functioning. -
Jan 1, 1300
First Medical Schools
By the 14th Century, universities had developed in Western Europe that could be classed as medical schools where students could study under a master physician. -
Jan 1, 1300
Islamic Hospitals; health care for the sick
The invention of the hospital was one of the greatest achievements of Islamic medicine. Probably the most impressive aspect of this invention was its mission; the treatment of all people who came to it, regardless of their status. Its a mission that modern hospitals would be advised to follow, despite all their technological advances. -
Period: Jan 1, 1350 to
The Renaissance
The Renaissance was a rebirth in many different ways. It began in Northern Italy about 1350 right after the Black Death had ravaged the country, killing from a third to half the population. -
Jan 1, 1400
Frenchwoman Jacoba Felicie tries to practice medicine, but is denied
A number of scientists and doctors claimed that women should not be permitted to practice any manner of health care. In 1400, the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Paris laid charges against Jacoba Felicie for practicing medicine without being qualified. -
Jan 1, 1400
Printing Press
In the 15th century the invention of the printing press made it possible to publish books faster. Information about new discoveries could be spread quickly. -
Jan 1, 1489
Leonardo da Vinci
In 1489, Leonardo da Vinci, known mostly for his work in art and technology, began a series of anatomical drawings depicting the ideal human form. Da Vinci dissected around thirty human specimens until he was forced to stop under order of Pope Leo X. His 750 drawings represent studies of bones, skin, muscles and many internal organs -
Jan 1, 1500
Use of Scientific Method Begins
During the sixteenth century, the scientific method came into use in Europe. This was a major change in the way people thought about medicine and research. The scientific method is a process used to acquire knowledge. -
Jan 1, 1500
Painters became more detailed
Italian Renaissance artists became anatomists by necessity, as they attempted to refine a more lifelike, sculptural portrayal of the human figure. -
Study of Anatomy Became Popular
The study of anatomy flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries. The advent of the printing press facilitated the exchange of ideas. Because the study of anatomy concerned observation and drawings, the popularity of the anatomist was equal to the quality of his drawing talents, and one need not be an expert in Latin to take part. -
Robert Hooke; Reflectig microscope
Hooke invented one of the first reflecting microscopes. This would forever change healthcare. -
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek describes bacteria
Antony van Leeuwenhoek is regarded as the father of microbiology. He is known for the discovery of bacteria.Antony Leeuwenhoek was the first person to see bacteria. Through the late 1670s, he sent comprehensive data and detailed drawings of his sightings of bacteria and algae to the Royal Society in London. Throughout his lifetime Leeuwenhoek remained devoted to the scientific research and made several vital discoveries. -
Francis Bacon uses microscope to discover plague fleas
While researching causes of the plague, Bacon discovers that fleas were helping spread around the bacteria that was causing the plague. -
Discovery of blood cells, bacteria, protozoa and stethoscope
These were the years where major scientific discoveries were made. -
Period: to
The Industrial Revolution
Great changes were caused by the introduction of machines. -
Edward Jenner discovered first vaccination
For many centuries, smallpox devastated mankind. In modern times we do not have to worry about it thanks to the remarkable work of Edward Jenner who created the first ever vaccine. -
Louis Pasteur-Pasteurazation of milk
Pasteur carried out expiriments that became the basis for microbiology. Emperor Napoleon III asked Pasteur to investigate the diseases afflicting wine which were causing considerable economic losses to the wine industry. Pasteur went to a vineyard in Arbois in 1864 to study this problem. He demonstrated that wine diseases are caused by microorganisms that can be killed by heating the wine to 55deg.C for several minutes. Applied to beer and milk, this process, called "pasteurization", soon came i -
Joseph Lister-practice of medical asepsis
Joseph Lister is the surgeon who introduced new principles of cleanliness which transformed surgical practice in the late 1800s. We take it for granted that a surgeon will guard a patient's safety by using aseptic methods. But this was not always the case, and until Lister introduced sterile surgery, a patient could undergo a procedure successfully only to die from a postoperative infection known as ‘ward fever’. -
Robert Koch-discovery of pathogens
Kock discovered that pathogens, or disease producing microorganisms, are the source of some diseases and proved that Lister was correct. This was the beginning of modern bacteriology. -
Ignaz Semmelweis shows importance of hand washing
Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis, a Hungarian physician, called the "savior of mothers", made an important discovery in 1847. He proved statistically that the incidence of puerperal fever, also known as childbed fever could be drastically cut by use of hand washing standards for doctors and nurses in obstetrical clinics. -
John Snow stops outbreak of cholera
John Snow was an English physician and a leader in the adoption of anaesthesia and medical hygiene. He is considered one of the fathers of modern epidemiology, in part because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in Soho, London, in 1854. His findings inspired fundamental changes in the water and waste systems of London, which led to similar changes in other cities, and a significant improvement in general public health around the world. -
Marie Curie discovers science of radioactivity
Marie Skłodowska-Curie (7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person (and only woman) to win twice, the only person to win twice in multiple sciences, and was part of the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. -
Bubonic Plague hits San Francisco
The San Francisco plague of 1900–1904 was an epidemic of bubonic plague centered on San Francisco's Chinatown. It was the first plague epidemic in the continental United States.[1] The epidemic was recognized by medical authorities in March 1900, but its existence was denied for more than two years by Henry Gage, the Governor of California. His denial was based on business reasons: the wish to keep the reputations of San Francisco and California clean and to prevent the loss of revenue from trad -
Period: to
Modern World
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Alexander Flemming discovers penicillin
In 1928 Alexander Fleming (1881–1955) discovered penicillin, made from the Penicillium notatum mold, but he did not receive the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for his discovery until 1945. -
First HMO Insurance
A health maintenance organization (HMO) is an organization that provides or arranges managed care for health insurance, self-funded health care benefit plans, individuals, and other entities in the United States and acts as a liaison with health care providers (hospitals, doctors, etc.) on a prepaid basis. -
Salk discovers polio vaccine
Two polio vaccines are used throughout the world to combat poliomyelitis (or polio). The first was developed by Jonas Salk through the use of HeLa cells and first tested in 1952. Announced to the world by Dr Thomas Francis Jr. on April 12, 1955,It consists of an injected dose of inactivated (dead) poliovirus. An oral vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin using attenuated poliovirus. -
AZT is used against aids
Zidovudine (INN) or azidothymidine (AZT) (also called ZDV) is a nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), a type of antiretroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS infection. AZT inhibits the enzyme (reverse transcriptase) that HIV uses to synthesize DNA, thus preventing viral DNA from forming. -
WHO declares smallpox eradicated
Smallpox is an acute contagious disease caused by the variola virus, a member of the orthopoxvirus family. It was one of the world's most devastating diseases known to humanity. It was declared eradicated in 1980 following a global immunization campaign led by the World Health Organization. -
Managed healthcare, growth in uninsured
The term managed care or managed health care is used in the United States to describe a variety of techniques intended to reduce the cost of providing health benefits and improve the quality of care ("managed care techniques"), for organizations that use those techniques or provide them as services to other organizations ("managed care organization" or "MCO"), or to describe systems of financing and delivering health care to enrollees organized around managed care techniques and concepts ("manag -
First Islamic Hospital
The first true Islamic hospital was built during the reign of Caliph Harun-ul-Rashid (786-809 AD) in Baghdad. A well-known physician, Jibrail Bakhtishu, was invited to head the new bimartistan. It achieved fame and other hospitals were built in Baghdad. -
Rhazes Discovers the Difference Between Smallpox and Measles
A persian doctr named Rhazes discvored the difference between smallpox and measles. He wrote about his findings around CE 900. His work was used until the 1800's. Rhazes played a role in development of medicine as a science by building the ideas of Hippocrates.
