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400
Loss of Medical Science
Due to the Crusades and other various events, the knowledge of the Greeks and Romans and medical science was lost. -
Period: 400 to Jan 1, 1400
Dark and Middle Ages
Medicine was only practiced in monasteries and convents.
Only herbal medicine was used.
Many plagues and epidemics occured (bubonic plague, smallpox, diphtheria, syphillis, and tuberculosis). -
Period: Jan 1, 1000 to Jan 1, 1099
First Schools of Medicine Established
The very first school of medicine was established in Salerno, Italy. -
Jan 1, 1315
First Human Dissection Recorded
The first recorded human dissection done in public was done by Mondino de Luizzi. -
Jan 1, 1348
Black Plague
A pandemic of the black plague (bubonic plague, black death) killed 3/4 of Europe's population. -
Jan 1, 1400
Regulations for Midwifes
The first regulations and rules for midwifes were recorded. -
Period: Jan 1, 1400 to
The Renaissance
The Renaissance brought back the rebirth of science and stimulated physicians and scholars to start to scientifically study medicine. -
Jan 1, 1436
Printing Press
Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. This invention allowed information to be passed throughout the world much easier than by word of mouth or written hand. -
Jan 1, 1489
Corpse Dissection
Leonardo da Vinci started to dissect corpses he took from graves. -
Jan 1, 1510
Father of Modern Surgery
Ambroise Pare starated using ligatures to stop bleeding and bind arteries. He stopped using boiling oil to cauterize wounds. He also started the accpetance of using artificial limbs. -
Jan 1, 1523
Fallopian tubes and Tympanic membrane
Gabriel Fallopius first discoverd the fallopian tubes and the tympanic membrane in the ear. -
Gunpowder Invented
Fathullah Shirazi created the first recorded gunpowder. -
First Studies of Heart/Blood/Arteries Conducted
William Harvey published "An Anatomical Study of the Motion of the Heart and of the Blood in Animals" which is the start of describing the heart, etc. -
First Bacteria Viewed
Anton van Leeuwenhoek was, a cloth merchant, used glass lenses to view pond water -- which was filled with bacteria. -
Blood Cells Discovered
Anton van Leeuwenheok discovered blood cells. -
Mercury Thermometer
Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the first mercury thermometer. -
Bifocals
Benjamin Franklin invented the first pair of bifocals. He may/may not be the very first inventor, but due to correspondance that was found, he definately created them independantly. -
Appendectomy
Claudius Aymand completed the first appendectomy. -
Declaration of Independence
The United States of America declared independence from Great Britain. -
Smallpox
The vaccination against smallpox was developed. Now, we have completed irradicated smallpox from the planet! Weew! -
Stethascope Invented
Rene Laennec invented the first stethoscope in France. It looked like a common ear trumpet. -
Hand Washing!
Ignaz Semmelweis discovered that medical students didn't wash their hands between working in the lab and delivering babies. That lead to many deaths of babies and mothers. So if they washed their hands, the number of deaths went down. -
First Female Doctor
Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States. She also inspired Florence Nightingale to start nursing schools. -
First Syringe
Gabriel Pravaz and Alexander Wood were the first to develop a syringe with a needle fine enough to pierce the skin -
Heredity
Gregor Mendel established the patterns of heredity. -
First Nursing SChool
Florence Nightingale started the first nursing school. It made nursing be acknowleged as an honorable profession and brought forth respect for nurses. -
Pasteurization
Louis Pasteur, with the help of Claude Bernard, completed the first pasteurization of milk. They discovered heating the milk prevented the growth of bacteria. -
First Use of Antiseptic during surgery
Joseph Lister was the first doctor to figure out that using an antiseptic during surgery was necessary and prevented infection in the incision! -
X-Rays
Wilhem Rontgen was the first scientist to study and use x-ray technologies. He didn't invent them or discover them but he was the first to use them. -
Creation of the Telephone
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone which changed communication forever. -
Father of the Automobile
Karl Benz, a German mechanic, created and patented the first modern automobile. -
American Red Cross
Clara Barton, the "Angel of the Battlefield", established the American Red Cross. The American Red Cross is an organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and education. -
Rabies Vaccine
Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux developed the first vaccine for rabies. They used it on a young boy who had been attacked by a rabid dog. -
Psychology
Sigmund Freud started studying the affects of the unconscious mind and the body. He believed in psychoanalysis and now are the basis of psychology and psychiatry. -
A, B. AB. O Blood Types Discovered
Austrian scientist, Karl Landstiener found the different blood types and recieved the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. -
Airplanes
Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first airplane and took the first flight ever. -
Culture Plate
Robert Koch developed the culture plate to identify pathogens. -
Helicopters
Jacques and Louis Breguet, two French brothers, constructed and took the first helicopter ride. -
RAdium
Marie Curie isolated radium. -
Penicillin
The first antibiotic drug, Penicillin, was discovered. This was the first drug that combated serious diseases like syphillus, and staphlococci and staphlycoccus bacterias. It is still used today. -
First PC
Hewlett-Packard is founded and begins making the first computer. -
Period: to
World War 2
The Allied and Axis Powers of the world fought for 6 long years. There were many casualties all around the board. -
Atomic Bomb
The United States dropped the first and second Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan. -
Polio Vaccine
Jonas Salk created an altered polio virus vaccine that was administered as a shot. -
Polo Vaccine 2
Albert Sabin created the oral polio vaccine that was more effective than Jonas Salk's vaccine. -
Airbags
John W. Hetrick patented and installed the first airbags in vehicles. -
Seat belts
After a SAAB was released with safety belts at a carshow, seat belts became common accessories and eventually madatory in vehicles. -
Microsurgery
This technique of using a microscope and other instruments is used to operate on the smallest body structures and cells. -
Human Spaceflight
Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet, completed the first ever human spaceflight. -
First Heart Transplant
Christian Barnard performed the first human to human heart transplant. His patient only lived 18 days after the surgery, but the surgery was a huge milestone in life extension. -
First Cellphone Call
Martin Cooper, of Motorolla Inc, made the first cellphone call. -
Test-tube babies
The first test-tube baby was born on July 25, 1978. "Test-tube babies" actually are concieved through in-vitro fertilization. Sperm and an egg are combined and then the egg is implanted in the woman's uterus. -
Scope Surgery
The use of various scopes being used in surgery is becoming increasingly popular. The advantage to scope surgery is that minimal incisions need to be made. -
HIV/AIDS Discovered
HIV/AIDS is caused by sexual transmission of the disease, blood transmission, or prenatal transmission. To this day, there still is no cure, only medicines to slow the effects. -
Human Genome Project
This project is an international research project with the goal of mapping the 25,000 genes of the human genome. -
Gene Therapy
The first successful gene therapy procedure was on a four year old girl with an immune system defect. The effects were only temporary but deemed successful. -
First Cloning
Dolly the sheep was the first animal to be cloned. Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an original. Dolly lived only about six years. -
Internet
The first web browser was available to the public. -
Period: to 410
Ancient Romans
The Ancient Romans began public health and sanitation systems. -
Vaccine to Fight Cancer
The first vaccine to prevent cancer was created. This vaccine is called Gardasil. -
Cat Gut Suture
Rhazes, an Arab physician began using animal (cat) gut as suture material. -
Physicians Examinations and Licenses
Arabs started to require that physicians take tests and obtain licenses before practicing medicine. -
Cigarettes and Tobacco Smoking
Central American's became accustomed to smoking tobacco. Through exploration, different counties adapted their own smoking techniques. Cigarette smoking and tobacco are now major concerns today. -
First Medical Beliefs
Claudius Galen, a physician, established many of the first medical beliefs:
1) The body is regulated by blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile.
2) Those are called humors. An imbalance in the humors lead to sickness.
3) Described symptoms
4) Dissected animals
5) Determined function of muscles, kidney, and bladder
