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James Marsh, an English chemist, uses chemical processes to determine arsenic as the cause of death in a murder trial.
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San Francisco uses photography for criminal identification, the first city in the US to do so.
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Henry Faulds and William James Herschel publish a paper describing the uniqueness of fingerprints. Francis Galton, a scientist, adapted their findings for the court. Galton's system identified the following patterns: plain arch, tented arch, simple loop, central pocket loop, double loop, lateral pocket loop, plain whorl, and accidental.
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Coroner's act established that coroners' were to determine the causes of sudden, violent, and unnatural deaths. Arthur Conan Doyle also publishes the first Sherlock Holmes story.
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Juan Vucetich, an Argentinean police officer, is the first to use fingerprints as evidence in a murder investigation. He created a system of fingerprint identification, which he termed dactyloscopy.
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Human blood grouping, ABO, discovered by Karl Landsteiner and adapted for use on bloodstains by Dieter Max Richter.
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NY state prison system implemented fingerprint identification.
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Prototype polygraph, which was invented by John Larson in 1921, developed for use in police stations.
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FBI established the National Crime Information Center, a computerized national filing system on wanted people, stolen vehicles, weapons, etc.
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DNA fingerprinting techniques developed by Sir Alec Jeffreys.
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Tommy Lee Andrews convicted of a series of sexual assaults, using DNA profiling.