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Rise of the Jallaba
Jallaba, northern Muslim trade group came in increasing numbers to South Sudan, especially northern Bahr al-Ghazal, which became an important source of slaves. -
Christianity and Islam
In 1820, Muhammad Ali of Egypt sent 4,000 troops to invade Sudan. His forces accepted Sennar's surrender from the last Funj sultan, Badi VII. -
Egyptian Turks Period
In 1821, the Albanian-Ottoman ruler of Egypt, Muhammad Ali, had invaded and conquered northern Sudan. Although technically the Wāli of Egypt under the Ottoman Sultan, Muhammad Ali styled himself as Khedive of a virtually independent Egypt. Seeking to add Sudan to his domains, he sent his third son Ismail (not to be confused with Ismail the Magnificent mentioned later) to conquer the country, and subsequently incorporate it into Egypt. -
Egyptian Turks Period Part 2
In 1879, the Great Powers forced the removal of Ismail and established his son Tewfik I in his place. Tewfik's corruption and mismanagement resulted in the Orabi Revolt, which threatened the Khedive's survival. -
Egyptian Turks Period Part 3
Tewfik appealed for help to the British, who subsequently occupied Egypt in 1882. Sudan was left in the hands of the Khedivial government, and the mismanagement and corruption of its officials. -
Egyptian Turks Period Part 4
Eventually, a revolt broke out in Sudan, led by Muhammad Ahmad ibn Abd Allah, the Mahdi (Guided One), who sought to end foreign presence in Sudan. Mahdi revolution succeed in January 1885. -
Mahdist Sudan
During the month of Ramadan when absolute austerity was enforced upon his followers, huge crowds awaited the master’s appearance at prayers but they had little notion on what was going on inside the Mahdi’s house. There were several different accounts of his death. Some say that he was poisoned while others assert that typhus or small pox were the cause of his death. He died on 22 June 1885 exactly 5 months after the killing of Gordon. -
Flashpoint For Conflict
The South-western region of Bahr al-Ghazal was one of the most prominent centers of slave trading on the African continent in the late 19th century. -
Pacification
The British conducted a "pacification" campaign in Southern Sudan and the Nube Mountains. -
Closed Districts
The Closed Districts Ordinances placed tight controls on access to the South, the Nuba Mountains, Darfur and Southern Blue Nile, whose peoples - after "pacification" - were now regarded as needing "protection". -
Sudanisation
Southern Policy was abandoned after the Juba Conference organized by the colonial government, at which Southern chiefs agreed with northern nationalists to pursue a united Sudan. -
Sudanisation Part 2
In the eyes of Southerners, "Sudanization" was effectively "Northernization". Southerners were not represented at the Cairo Conference on self-rule, on the grounds that they had "no party or organization".
