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800
Charlemagne, the Emperor of Romans
Charlemagne or Charles the Great was a Frankish king who expanded the Frankish kingdom and covered almost all of the Western and Central Europe. He was declared as the Emperor of Romans in 800 AD and he enjoyed the empire successfully till his death. He associated his political steps with the Church and encouraged a revival of art, religion and culture with the help of the Church. -
843
Treaty of Verdun
After his death, Louis the Pious was declared his successor who ruled as the Emperor of Romans. However, after his death, the Carolingian empire faced a Civil War because of the internal tussle between the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious who struggled for the emperorship. At last, the Carolingian empire was divided in three parts in August 843 AD through the Treaty of Verdun which ended the three years long Civil War. -
962
The Ottonian Holy Roman Empire of Germany
Otto I was the successor of Henry the Fowler, the duke of Saxony who became the first Saxon Emperor. Just like his father, Otto I succeeded in protecting Germans against Magyar invaders. He chose to create a German monastery and this natural allegiance of German Church and Kingdom helped him to gain control over the rebellion dukes and establish his Ottonian Empire. In 962 AD, the papacy of Italy invited him and declared him as the Emperor of Italy and he established his Holy Roman Empire. -
1066
The Battle of Hastings
On 14th October 1066, William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy defeated the last Anglo-Saxon king Harold II. William the Conqueror established the Norman Empire and to protect his empire, he rewarded all his Norman supporters who fought for him in the war with large piece of land of England. He divided all land of England in manors and established the feudal system and manoralism. -
1215
Declaration of Magna Carta
The Magna Carta Libertatum, or the Great Charter of Liberties of England was originally issued in 1215 AD. This charter is considered to be the first step towards the constitutional government of England. The Charter of Magna Carta restricted the power of the Emperor and proved the importance of a Constitution. -
Period: 1315 to 1317
The Great Famine
Whole northern Europe suffered the Great Famine in 1315 which prolonged itself till 1317. During these two years of famine, a big portion of the population died of hunger and diseases. During those days of famine, crime rate increased to extreme and there were too many incidences of cannibalism, rapes, and infanticides. The Great Famine brought unrest in peasants and the members of nobility also suffered a setback and as a result, they became more bloodthirsty and gave up the oath of chivalry. -
1337
The Hundred Years’ War
The Hundred Years’ War began in 1337 when the Kingdom of England waged war against the Kingdom of France. While there were many periods of peace and ceasefire between England and France during the period, however, this war was continued again and again in different conflicts till 1453. -
Period: 1348 to 1350
The Black Death
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Period: 1378 to 1417
The Great Schism
The Church suffered the first jolt in 1054, when the Church was divided in Eastern and Western Christian Church. The Eastern Orthodox Church believed that the Western Roman Catholic Church was corrupt and exploitative. The Western Christendom suffered much bigger jolt during 1378 to 1417, when there were three contestants for the Papacy. This internal tussle for ultimate power of papacy significantly reduced the influence and power of the Church over common people. -
Period: 1400 to 1500
Early Renaissance
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1453
beginning of the renaissance
The Ottoman Empire captures the city of Constantinople, signaling an end to the Byzantine Empire. -
1454
Gutenberg Bible is published
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1469
Lorenzo de Medici becomes head of the city-state of Florence
He is one of the great patrons of the arts. -
1485
Henry VII becomes king of England beginning the reign of the House of Tudor.
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1486
Boticelli completes the painting The Birth of Venus.
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1492
the discovery of america (end of the middle ages)
The discovery of America is called the historical event of October 12, 1492, consisting of the arrival in America of an expedition directed by Christopher Columbus by mandate of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabel de Castilla and Fernando de Aragón. -
1495
Leonardo da Vinci paints the Last Supper.
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Period: 1495 to 1527
High Renaissance
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1498
Vasco da Gama arrives in India after sailing around the southern tip of Africa from Portugal.
On May 20, 1498, sailing for the Portuguese crown, Vasco da Gama reached Calicut, India. Having successfully sailed around the southern tip of Africa, da Gama had pioneered a sea route from Europe to Asia that bypassed the Muslim nations that controlled the overland spice trade. -
1501
Michelangelo begins his work on the sculpture David.
David is a statue by Michelangelo, begun in 1501 and completed in 1504. It is made of marble and is 17 feet tall. -
1503
Leonardo da Vinci paints the Mona Lisa.
The Mona Lisa or La Gioconda, French: La Joconde is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world. -
1504
Michelangelo finishes "David"
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1508
Michelangelo begins his painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
The Sistine Chapel is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the pope, in Vatican City. -
1509
Henry VIII becomes king of England.
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1509
Humanist author Erasmus writes Praise of Folly.
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1511
Raphael paints his masterpiece The School of Athens.
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1513
Machiavelli publishes "The Prince"
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1516
Sir Thomas More publishes his work Utopia on political philosophy.
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1517
Martin Luther posts his 95 theses on the door of the Church of Wittenberg. This signals the start of the Reformation.
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1519
Ferdinand Magellan begins his voyage around the world.
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1527
Rome is sacked by the troops of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
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Period: 1527 to
Mannerism
Mannerism is a style of art that was created in the Late Renaissance period -
1534
Henry VIII separates the Church of England from the Catholic Church of Rome so that he can divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn.
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1555
The Peace of Augsburg
The Peace of Augsburg, also called the Augsburg Settlement, was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Schmalkaldic League, signed in September 1555 at the imperial city of Augsburg. -
1558
Elizabeth I becomes Queen of England.
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1570
First modern atlas is published
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Period: 1570 to
Early Baroque Music
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The Spanish Armada is defeated by the English navy.
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William Shakespeare builds the Globe theatre. He will write many of his great plays over the next few years including Hamlet and Macbeth.
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The Baroque Music Period Begins.
This is the end of the renaissance period, where the tonics of keys and notes in a music sheet are named. The country Italy was mainly focused on this music genre. -
Claudio Monteverdi writes Orfeo, Favola in Musica.
First prime example of Baroque music, this was performed at The Annual Carnival of Mantua. It was published in Venice in 1609. -
Galileo discovers the moons of Jupiter.
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The Thirty Years War begins.
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Period: to
Middle Baroque Period
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First Female Singers Perform.
These professional female singers appear in the production of Chloridia, a court masque produced by Ben Jonson and Inigo Jones. -
First Signed Stradivarius Violin.
Antonio Stradivari crafted this violin, The name 'Stradivarius' comes from the last name of Antonio Stradivari. -
Period: to
Late Baroque
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George Frideric Handel is Born.
This person was only one of many famous primary composers. Some of his works include Messiah, Water Music, and Music for the Royal Family. He was strongly influence by an English composer Henry Purcell. Another fact is that his father actually didn't want to have him do anything with music and wanted him to study in Civil Law. -
Johann Sebastian Bach is born.
With the help of this German composer, violist, organist,violist, and choir, orchestra, and solo instrument techniques brought together the Barque music. -
Jean-Baptiste Lully, born
A significant Baroque composer who served in Louis XIV's court. He was Italian born and not nobility but through his work as an Italian tutor he worked his was in the French aristocratic circles. He created to major french musical genres: Tragedie en musique and comedie-ballet. -
Bach Dies.
This signals the end of the Baroque music period. Symphonies and string quartets are emerging on the surface. -
end of the renaissance
