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Carlisle Indian School Enactment
Deculturalization and assimilation were occurring in boarding school due to removing children from their families and homes and forcing them to learn Anglo-Saxon history and culture. -
Denial of Educational Opportunity Challenged and Ruled in Favor
Imperial Chinese Consulate filed a complaint to the San Francisco County school board about the refusal to admit Mamie Tape, who was a Chinese American born in the United States as a natural Citizen. The superior court ruled in favor of Mamie Tape. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
This law founded the “separate but equal” doctrine. This stated that all public facilities, including education, transportation, and public utilities in stores and government buildings were required to be racially segregated. Along with this, went the African American’s right to vote. -
Founding of the NAACP
The National association for the Advancement of Colored People for founded. This organization has done a lot for the desegregation and racial integration of the public school system. They fought hard and was the main association fighting in Brown v. Board of education. -
Teaching Indian History and Culture
The first time that the Bureau of Indian Affairs Schools taught anything about Indian culture and history, which was much different than another school systems never teaching it at all with the goal of Assimilation in mind. -
Mendez v. Westminster
This court case ruled that segregation of Mexican American students in California schools was unconstitutional, which began the groundwork for Brown v. Board of Education. -
Brown v. Board of Education
The Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, which overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and stated that the “Separate but equal” doctrine was actually not equal. -
Ruby Bridges
Ruby Bridges was the first black student to attend and integrate an all-white elementary school in New Orleans, which created a lot of tensions in her community and she witnessed many riots and harassment from parents and protestors. -
Civil Rights Act
This act prohibited discrimination against color, race, religion, nationality and sex in federally funded programs, including public school systems and many secondary education institutions that received federal dollars. -
Lau v. Nichols
Supreme court ruled that denying non-English-speaking students, mostly Asian and Latinx, language accommodations for assignments was unconstitutional and was a violation of their civil rights. -
Grutter v. Bollinger and Affirmative Action
The Supreme Court ruled and upheld the use of race and color as a factor in university admissions to help and support the promotion of diversity within secondary institutions.