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Morrill Land-Grant Acts
This act included the first step towards higher education in America. Public land was given to states to set up institutions to educate people in “agriculture, home economics, mechanical arts, and other professions that were practical at the time (Lightcap).” -
Brown v. Board of Education
Integrated public education for all. Special Education Law: allows parents to advocate for an equal education -
Elementary and secondary education act
Established under the understanding that children from low-income families need more services and help in school than their more privileged peers. Under this act more funding was given to schools with a higher concentration of low-income students (Social Welfare History). -
Mills vs. Board of Education
7 children, all had been denied their rights to public education because of a supposed disability. The school district argued that they did not have the funds, but the court turned in favor of the students, as no student can be denied public education. This case paved the way for others like it in the future, ensuring all students receive public education and also showed schools how to use their funding wisely. -
Section 504
Ensures equal education to students with disabilities, ensures no discrimination -
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
Protects the privacy of student's educational records (USDOE). -
Goss v. Lopez
9 students were given 10 day suspensions without a hearing. Court found that students need to be given at least notification if not a hearing as well. (Oyez) -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
First piece of legislation that guaranteed children with disabilities an appropriate and public education. Before this law, students with disabilities were ignored by the public school system (2009, special education news). -
FAPE mandate
Mandate of IDEA. Every student is required to recieve a Free, Appropriate, Public Education. -
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) mandate
Each disabled student should be educated with his or her non-disabled peers for the greatest amount of time possible and appropriate. LRE has been included in IDEA since 1975. -
Larry P v. Riles
In the 70’s there was a highly disproportional number of black and Latino students in the special education classes. This was brought to the court. The court ruled that all black students in the special education classes were to be reevaluated and the disproportion had to be eliminated. This case brought about change in the assessing and made culturally fair assessments. -
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley
This case involves a girl, Amy, who is deaf. She is in need of a sign language interpreter. After reviewing all the information, the school still decided she did not need an interpreter. The parents fought this and the court system found that Amy was not receiving a FAPE. -
Roncker v. Walter
A boy with moderate mental retardation was placed in a special school for children with disabilities, but his parents disagreed. This case became one of the first LRE cases. The outcome of the case stated that "mainstreaming must be provided to the maximum extent appropriate (Yell, 2016)." This court case was best known for the Roncker test that came out of it. “In a case where the segregated facility is considered superior, the court should determine whether the services which make that pla -
Burlington school committee v. department of education
This case dealt with reimbursment for private school tuition. The court ruled that since it was the appropriate placement, that they should get reimbursed (Rehberg). -
Handicapped Children's Protection Act
Provides funds to states in assisting with educating students with disabilities. -
Honig v. Doe (stay put provision)
First case to reach Supreme Court involving disciplining a student with a disability. Involved indefinitely suspending until an expulsion hearing. This case brought about the stay-in-put provision (where students stay in their current placement during due hearing process) and paved the way for setting discipline rules for students with disabilities (Yell). -
Daniel R.R v. state board of education (Daniel test)
This case involved LRE. A 6-year-old boy with Down syndrome was first placed in a prekindergarten class for half the day and then a special education class for the remainder of the day. When this placement failed to meet his needs, he was placed in special education for the whole day. When this was taken to court, a new test for determining compliance with LRE was developed. First, the courts must make sure that the school district took steps to mainstream the student with supplementary aid. -
DeVries v. Fairfax County School Board (LRE) (DeVries/Hartmann Test)
One of the first least restrictive environment cases to be heard. Out of the hearing came the DeVries/Hartmann Test, which states that “mainstreaming is not required when a student with a disability would not receive educational benefit from mainstreaming in a general education class, any marginal benefit from mainstreaming would be significantly outweighed by benefits that could be feasibly be obtained only in a separate instructional setting, or the student is a disruptive force in the genera -
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
ADA prohibits discrimination of any people with a disability. This includes “in employment, transportation, public accommodation, communications, and governmental activities. The ADA also establishes requirements for telecommunications relay services (Department Of Labor).” -
Franklin v. Gwinnett county public schools
This case is not related to special education, but sexual harassment. A student who had been sexually harassed by her teacher was looking for an award of damages. They found that “the general rule, therefore, is that absent clear direction to the contrary by congress, the federal courts have the power to award any appropriate relief in a cognizable cause of action brought pursuant to the federal statute (Yell, 2016).” -
Section 1983
Section 1983 comes from the civil rights act of 1871. It has been adapted for the present day and protects every civilians rights under the U.S. Constitution and protects them in case any of these rights are violated (Yell). -
Doe v. withers
When a teacher failed to comply with a student’s IEP and refused to real test orally the student failed. When a long-term substitute did comply, the student’s grades went up. The student’s parents filed a case with section 1983 and were awarded damages against the history teacher (Yell). -
Sacramento city unified school district board of education v. Rachel H (Roncker test)
This court case produced the Rachel H test, which has 4 factors to consider. The first factor decides academic benefits of a general classroom, the second is to consider the nonacademic benefits (such as social interactions), the third is the negative effect on the other students that the disabled student’s presence may have, and the fourth is the cost. -
Crawford v. honig
At one point IQ tests were prohibited in evaluating for special education, but this case decided they could be used as long as fair and non-discriminatory (Yell). -
Improving America's Schools Act
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W.B v. matula
After asking multiple times to have her son evaluated for a disability and having no cooperation from the school, the first-grader’s mother went to a specialist and had her son tested and found he had ADHD. She then requested a hearing for the cost of the evaluation she had paid for. They settled out of court and the school was required to pay. -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
IDEA ensures services for children with disabilities until the age of 21, when they age out. -
Cypress-Fairbanks Independent School District v. Michael F.
Student was attending private school with an approved IEP, but parents pulled student and put him in 24 hour private placement. When they could no longer afford the private placement, they turned to the courts. It was found that the IEP was inadequate and that the private placement was appropriate, so they were awarded reimbursment. -
Sutton v. United Air Lines
Two sisters applied to be commercial pilots, but were rejected due to their sight. Since their vision was able to be corrected by lenses, it was not considered a major impairment. -
The No Child Left Behind Act
Reauthorization of the ESEA and saught to improve "achievment for poor and disadvantaged students (Weishaar)." -
The Assistive Technology Act
This act bring awarness to technology integration. This act has been reauthorized many times. It allows students with disabilities to have technology assistance in order to fully participate in the classroom (2016, parent center hub). -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 2004
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The Child Find Mandate
Child find requires schools to find and evaluate all students with disabilities, reguardless of severity (writes law). -
ADA Amendments of 2008
The amendments broadened the definition of a disability (Yell) and also the definition of "major life activities" (Yell). -
Questions and answers on procedural safeguards and due process procedures for parents and children with disabilities
Q&A document giving information about due process hearing under IDEA (Yell) -
Forest grove v. T.A.
This was a case involving reimbursement of prive school tuition. The student's parents pulled T.A. out of school prior to reciving any special education services and enrolled T.A. in a privte school and wanted reimbursement. The court found that they were entitled to reimbursement because the school had failed to provide FAPE. (oyez) -
Rosa’s Law
Rosa’s law removes the terms “‘mental retardation’ and ‘mentally retarded’ from federal health, education and labor policy and replaces them with people first language ‘individual with an intellectual disability’ and ‘intellectual disability’ (Special Olympics).” -
Student Success Act
Reauthorize the ESEA. Overall, the Act strives to give more local power back and "reduce the federal footprint in education (Yell, 2016)." -
Strengthening America’s School Act
"Revises and reauthorizes programs under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) (congress)." https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-bill/1094 -
Murphy v. United Parcel Services, inc