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1267
Independence Revolutions
The independence of Latin America was the historical process of the rebellion of its inhabitants against Spanish colonial rule and the formation of independent national states. 1809- It began with the proclamation of Sovereign. -
1534
Causes of Latin America Independence
Economic: The Bourbon reforms drowned the economy of the
colonies by preventing intraregional trade and imposing excessive
taxation. Social: was resentment over the prerogatives of the Spaniards. Ideological: The forerunners of independence became aware of the differences between the colonies and the metropolis. Influence of US independence and the French Revolution.
Napoleon names king of Spain:To the causes, we must add the events that precipitated the independence. -
1568
Independence of Ecuador
The independence Guayaquil was proclaimed (9-10-1820), the
arrival of the patriot army commanded by Antonio José de Sucre, and his triumph in Pichincha (05-24-1822), which ended
the independence of Gran Colombia. Also Bolívar defeated
the realistic grasses in the battle of Bomboná, and entered Quito triumphantly (06-16-1822) and, later, waited the President of Peru, General José de San Martín, to discuss the strategy for end the war against the royalists. -
Haiti and Santo domingo
Francois Dominique Toussaint-Louverture took charge of a slave revolt on the French side of the island of Hispaniola and led it between 1793 and 1802. He faced Spanish, English, and French, until his capture, exile, and death in France. In 1803, Jean Jacques Dessalines finally defeated the French troops and, in 1804, declared the independence of Haiti. -
The Lack of a king, occasion of american boards.
Quito was to be the first in the history of Spanish America to proclaim, on August 10, 1809, a government of its own,
not appointed by the Crown. Soon they would proclaim their meetings, immediately, throughout 1810, Caracas (19/04), Buenos Aires (25/05), Bogota (20/07), and Santiago de Chile (18/08). -
From the boards to the wars of independence.
After the defeat, the armies of Lima and Bogota occupied the city, and a year later, on August 2, 1810, they murdered 300 patriots and citizens, which shook entire America. -
Argentina
The first Junta of Buenos Aires (05-25-1810) organized three military campaigns to subdue the Spanish forces in the interior, but they were not successful. -
Paraguay
A revolution spontaneously broke out in Asunción (05-14-1811), and the resulting government remained independent. This is how the Republic of Paraguay was created. In the Banda Oriental, the rural population rose up against the Spanish authorities in Montevideo. Colonel José Artigas commanded the revolutionary troops that defeated the royalists at the Battle of Las Piedras (05-18-1811) and besieged the Walled Montevideo, where the viceregal government had moved. -
Independence of south America
When Fernando VII returned to the throne in 1814, patriotic military campaigns subsisted in Venezuela and the Rio de la Plata. At first, Simón Bolívar-Member of the Caraqueña boards of 1811- he was appointed new military leader, and in 1813 he liberated Mérida and Caracas in the so-called Admirable campaign, cities that gave him the title of "Liberator", united forever to your first name. -
Mexican Independence
The priest Miguel Hidalgo was placed in front of the Indians and peasants and launched, as we saw, the "cry of independence" in the town of Dolores.
The command was taken by another priest, José Maria Morelos, who led the second stage of the revolution (1811-1815). -
Brazil: Monarchical Independence
When Napoleon invaded Portugal, John VI took refuge in Brazil in 1807 and later promoted a legal reform in 1815 by declaring Brazil as the territorial base of the "Empire of Brazil, Portugal and the Algarve". Thus, Rio de Janeiro becomes the seat of an absolute monarchy and ceases to be a colony. Juan returned to Portugal in 1821 leaving his son, Pedro de Braganza, as governor of Brazil, but the following year he proclaimed himself emperor of Brazil. -
Uruguay
The Oriental Republic of Uruguay, fed up with its disappointments with the
centralism of Buenos Aires, and after the War with Brazil (1825-1828), it would be
establish itself as an independent entity in 1828. In this action, Artigas no longer
he participated, since he went into exile in Paraguay. Another federalist initiative was led
by General José de San Martín, who promoted the Congress of Tucumán, which
founded the United Provinces of South America (07-09-1816). -
Independence of Chile
San Martín was not discouraged and decided to continue with his plans, only now first had to let go Chile. That's why the years passed
making guns, bullets and everything types of equipment.
The journey was epic, but as they had planned, the six columns met less a month later in the Aconcagua Valley and although he suffered a serious defeat in Cancha Rayada (03-19-1818), he triumphed in the decisive battle of Maipú (04-05-1818), ensuring the independence of Chile. -
Peru
Together with O'Higgins, and with 200,000 pesos that he obtained from Buenos Aires, San Martín achieved buy a naval squad to attack the Spaniards in Peru by sea. San Martin sailed from Valparaíso (20-08-1820) with a fleet of eight warships and 16 transport ships, and 4,500 men of the armies of the Andes and Chile. the range. San Martin declared independence (07-28-1821) and was appointed Protector of Peru with full civil rights and military authority. -
Central America
Guatemala with its provinces (Chiapas, Soconusco, El Salvador,
Honduras, Nicaragua, Los Altos, and Costa Rica) declared its independence from the Spanish Crown (15-09-1821) and, shortly after, annexed Mexico to defend itself better from Spain. One year later, Guatemala and its provinces formed an independent state, of federal character, with the name of United Provinces of the Center of America, being its capital city of Guatemala. -
San Martin and Bolivar
In their meetings in Guayaquil (26 and 27- 07-1822), Bolivar, liberator, and president of Gran Colombia, and San Martin, protector of Peru, talked about what was missing to complete the freedom of America: the defeat of the last realistic bastion in Peru. Surprisingly, San Martin gave Bolivar the initiative of the war completely. He returned to Lima, resigned from the government of Peru (20-
091822), and returned to his home in Mendoza, Argentina (01-1823). -
End of the war of Independence
In 1823, Bolívar was authorized by the Congress of the Gran Colombia to take command of an expedition to Peru. In
September of that year, he arrived in Lima and met with
Sucre and the Peruvian leaders to plan the attack. Four months later, while Bolivar had gone to Lima to raise more money and receive a new contingent of troops, Sucre was forced to give battle and destroyed the last bastion of the Spanish army at the battle of Ayacucho (9-12-1824). -
New Granada and Venezuela
Morillo soon regained control of Venezuela and New Granada. But, in 1817, Bolívar, Piar, Páez and other Venezuelan leaders reactivated the war. Bolivar faced and defeated Morillo in Calabozo, in 1818. However, later, Morillo he counterattacked and defeated Bolívar in the Aragua valley. So Bolívar crossed the Andes and defeated the royalists in the Battle of Pantano de Vargas in the
(July 25, 1819). that sealed the independence of New Granada. -
The case of Puerto Rico
On September 23, 1868, the scream of Lares, of independence against Spain, was produced. The rebellion is crushed in a short time. Puerto Rico continues within the Spanish system until the war between EE. UU and Spain. After the defeat of this, the island of Puerto Rico happens to be administered by EE. UU and is currently an associated free state of that country. Consequently, it is not an independent country. -
Independence of Cuba
José Martí organizes the Cuban revolutionary Party and look for the old leaders of the revolution, Martí died in (1895) in one of combat actions, but the revolutionary army continues to fight. America does not want lose the possibility of seizing the largest island in the Antilles and, in 1898, after the explosion of the battleship Maine in the port of Havana, declares war on Spain.
