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François Dominique Toussaint-Louverture
François Dominique Toussaint-Louverture took charge of a slave revolt on the French side of the island of Hispaniola and led it between 1793 and 1802. He faced Spanish, English, and French, until his capture, exile, and death in France. -
Jean Jacques Dessalines
Jean Jacques Dessalines finally defeated the French troops and, in 1804, declared the independence of Haiti. It was, thus, the second independent country in America, in this case, led by blacks. -
Napoleon imprisoned Charles IV and his son Ferdinand VII and named his brother King of Spain.
Napoleon imprisoned Charles IV and his son Ferdinand VII and forced them to abdicate in his favor. Then, he named his brother, José Bonaparte, king of Spain. -
It began with the proclamation of Sovereign Boards
The first that of Quito, were repressed by fire and blood by the Spanish authorities. The process continued until it became a true continental war. -
Quito the first to proclaim its own government?
Quito was to be the first in the history of Spanish America to proclaim a government of its own. -
The defeat
After the defeat, the armies of Lima and Bogota occupied the city, and a year later they murdered 300 patriots and citizens, which shook entire America. -
The Juntas were not independent
The reaction of the Spaniards led to the polarization of the positions and the creole elites multiplied the proclamation of independence. -
The priest Miguel Hidalgo
The priest Miguel Hidalgo was placed in front of the Indians and peasants and launched,as we saw, the "cry of independence" in the town of Dolores. Throughout three years, it obtained triumphs with its army and occupied several cities of Mexico, but was defeated in Guadalajara and executed by the realistic authorities -
Simón Bolívar
Simón Bolívar was named new military leader, and in 1813 he liberated Mérida and Caracas in the so-called Admirable Campaign, cities that gave him the title of "Liberator", united forever to his first name. -
Fernando VII returned to the throne
When Fernando VII returned to the throne in 1814, patriotic military campaigns subsisted in Venezuela and the Río de la Plata. -
The independence movement
Fernando VII ordered to organize the so-called "Peacekeeping expedition" which, under the command of Marshal Pablo Morillo, sailed from Cádiz in 1815. -
The war was reactivated.
Bolívar, Piar, Páez, and other Venezuelan leaders reactivated the war. Bolivar faced and defeated Morillo in Calabozo, in 1818. -
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
A group of conservative creoles proclaimed independence in 1821, but only when Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was proclaimed president of the Republic in 1833 Spain only recognized Mexican independence in 1839. -
Guatemalan Independence
Guatemala with its provinces declared its independence from the Spanish Crown and annexed Mexico to defend itself better from Spain. -
Haitian Independence.
Haitian troops subdued the eastern part of the island of Hispaniola, which would regain its independence from Haiti in 1844. -
Bolivar takes command of an expedition to Peru, and he and Sucre defeated the Spanish army at the Battle of Junín.
Bolívar was authorized by the Congress of the Gran Colombia to take command of an expedition to Peru. In September of that year, he arrived in Lima and met with Sucre and the Peruvian leaders to plan the attack. Bolivar and Sucre defeated the Spanish army at the Battle of Junín (6-08-1824). -
Independence from the Dominican Republic.
But the Dominican Republic will not achieve independence from Spain until 1865, after a war that left the country devastated. -
Puerto Rico is not an independent country
-The scream of Lares, of independence against Spain, was produced.
-The rebellion is crushed in a short time.
-Puerto Rico continues within the Spanish system until the war between EE. UU and Spain.
-After the defeat of this, the island of Puerto Rico happens to be administered by EE. UU and is currently an associated free state of that country.
-It is not an independent country. -
Cuban Independence
The intervention of EE. UU precipitated the Spanish
defeat and Cuba proclaimed its independence in 1899, although it suffered the American occupation. -
Panama
Panama belonged to the Viceroyalty of New Granada and became independent along with Colombia. Of this one separated in 1904, by the direct action of EE. UU, to control the Panama Canal promoted the formation of a separate republic.
