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Changes in Latin America
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Religion vs. Government
Around 1750, the latin American government was all run by religious elites. Catholicism dominated the areas of Brazil, Peru, and Mexico. There was absolutely no seperation between government and religion. It was all one in the same. -
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The top of the food chain!
Before 1750, until Latin America gained independence, the white elite churchmen were at the top of the social herarchy. Not only did they make all governmental decisions, but they were also the ones who were treated the best. -
Slavery
Slavery was a HUGE problem in Latin America at this time. Spaniards made Latin Americans slaves and servants. Also, Latin Americans tended to be darker skinned that Spaniards, which led to major socail classes between them. -
Revolts!
There were quite a few revolts against Spanish governement at this time in Latin America. The two most famous ones were the Comunero Revolt in Columbia and the Tupac Amaru Revolt in peru. Both revolts started the domino effect that would soon end in Latin America becoming independent. -
Mixed Race
The mixed race in Latin America was a mix between Latin Maerican (any race in Latin AMerica) and Spanish. These people were often called castas and were often not welcome in societies by neither the Spanish nor the Latin Americans. -
Independence
Ideas of Enlightenment begin to circulate in France from the American and French Revolutions. Brazil is the first to gain independence from Spain -
Napolean and Constitution
Spanish leaders fought against Napolean and representatives from overseas colonies created a constitution/ The constitution was made because anti-clerical articles alarmed elite churchmen (who had high governmental status) -
Simon Bolivar
After the many independece wars, (during the 1820s) Simon Bolivar sought to unite many South American countries under one, known as Gran Colombia. He was a great patriot military leader who gained power during and after the independence wars. He was a "personalist leader" who held political power without constitutional right, also known as a caudillo. Caudillo's sprang up everywhere in Latin America after the wars. -
Mexico
Mexico gained its independence from Spain at this time as well. Mexico was one of the first countries along with Brazil to gain its independence from Britain. -
Post-Independence
After gaining independence, slvaery was still in use in Latin America. Slavery is what kep tthe economic system going. Along with trade with the AMmericas and European countries. -
Jose Antonio Paez
When Simon Bolivar tried to expand Gran Colombia and bring newly constituionalized countries under his rule, some rejected Bolivar's authority. People like Jose Antonio Paez of Venezuela. He declared Venezuela completely independent in 1829. Paez ruled Venezuela for the nect eighteen years and was popular among the common people by manipulating popular political symbols. Importnat because it's the time when Venezuela officially gains independence. -
Venezuela and Chile's Consitutions
After both Chile and Venezuela won their revolutions, political reform was in order. Throughout Latin America constitutionalism was popular, just like as in the U.S. They created and rejected a total of nine constitutions each. Reestablishing the governments after a revolution was a difficult, long progress. -
Chile becomes a South American power
Like many Latin American countries, Chile fought many more wars after gaining their independence. These wars challenged their strength as a newly independent country because wars raged between Latin America countries trying to establish their power and borders. Between 1836 and 1839 Chile defeated Peru and Bolivia and established itself as a leading military and eonomic power on the west coast of South America. -
Argentina Overthrows the Dictator Rosas
The powerful cuadillo of Argentina, Juan Manuel de Rosas was overthrown by an alliance of foreign and domestic enemies. Rosas ran Argentina very cruelly and after he was overthrown a period a civil war developed as Argentina tried to pick itself back up. Eventually in 1861, they developed a strong central government. -
Coeducation
Argentina and Uruguay became among the first Latin American countries to provide public education for women in the 1870s. This helped move the Women's Rights movement gain footground and progress. -
Immigration Boom
In the 1880s European immigration to Latin America increased drastically. Immigration sparked rapid economic growth, urbanization and population boom. Immigration in Argentina and Brazil alone rose from 130,000 in the 1860s to 1.7 million in the the 1880s. This increase in immigrants not only had economic benefits but also stirred racial hostilities between the different ethnicities. -
Chile, Peru and Bolivia Fight another War
In 1879 another war was fought between Chile, Peru and Bolivia. Again Chile won and because of this won Bolivia's outlet to the sea and Peru's rich mining districts. This is important because it shows that throughout the 19th century Latin America was plagued by many wars while newly independent countries tried to grow. -
Brazil Abolishes Slavery
Slavery had been an important part (legally and ilegally) in Brazil since it was first founded and colonized. Plantations were everywher in Brazil and despite abolitionists and slave rebels fighting since the 1850s, slavery wasn't abolished by the Brazilian parliament until 1888. This marked an end to a period of Brazilian history and culture. Brazil was greatly influenced by abolitionists and the abolition of slavery in America. -
Latin America
By 1900 Latin America's nations had substantially grown stronger and could better defend their independence against foreign intervention. Slavery was abolished by this point and immigration increase led to economic growth, changed cultures and racial opinions. At this time women still didn't have as many rights as men and weaker countries were left behind as South America was divided into a rich north and a poorer south. -
Overthrowing
There were many political leaders that were overthrown before the use of military strongmen (caudillos) were used. This striked authoritarianism in Latin America; which is the usage of force
