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Sharecropping/Tenant Farming
Southern plantation owners were challenged to find help working the lands that slaves had farmed. Taking advantage of the former slaves' desire to own their own farms, plantation owners used arrangements called sharecropping and tenant farming. -
Black Codes
Black Codes were laws passed by Democrat-controlled Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. -
13 Amendment
Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. -
14 Amendment
The amendment grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" which included former slaves who had just been freed after the Civil War. -
15 Amendment
Granted African American men the right to vote -
Jim Crow Law
Jim Crow laws were a number of laws requiring racial segregation in the United States. These laws were enforced in different states between 1876 and 1965. -
Lynching
To kill someone, especially by hanging, for an alleged offense with or without a legal trial. 4,741 lynchings happened to black people from 1882-1968. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
In 1892 there was a incident with a african-american train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a jim crow car which is breaking the law back then in Louisiana. -
19th Amendment
Guarantees all American women the right to vote. -
Civil Disobedience
The refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest. -
20th Amendment
Federal government elected offices end. In also defines who succeeds the president if the president dies. -
Federal Housing Administration
The Federal Housing Administration is a United States government agency created in part by the National Housing Act of 1934. -
Hector P Garcia
Hector Perez Garcia was a Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum. -
Brown V. Board of Education
This case was the consolidation of four cases arising in separate states relating to the segregation of public schools on the basis of race. In each of the cases, African American minors had been denied admittance to certain public schools based on laws allowing public education to be segregated by race. -
Thurgoood Marshall
(July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice. Prior to his judicial service, he successfully argued several cases before the Supreme Court, including Brown v. Board of Education. -
Desegregation
The ending of a policy of racial segregation. -
Montgomery bus boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott, a seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement, was a protest against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. The boycott went on for a year until Montgomery citizens started to see change -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks was an activist in the Civil Rights Movement, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement". Often known for saying no to a white man on a bus after having a long day. -
Orval Faubus
Orval Faubus was an American politician who served as 36th Governor of Arkansas from 1955 to 1967.He used the Arkansas National Guard to stop African Americans from attending Little Rock Central High School as part of federally ordered racial desegregation. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
A voting rights bill, was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875. -
George Wallace
George Corley Wallace Jr. was an American politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as a Democrat -
Sit-ins
A form of protest in which demonstrators occupy a place, refusing to leave until their demands are met. -
Nonviolent Protest
The practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, while being nonviolent. -
Cesar Chavez
Cesar Chavez was an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962. -
Betty Friedan
American feminist best known for her book The Feminine Mystique, which explored the causes of the frustrations of modern women in traditional roles. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He is often known for his infamous "I have a dream" speech. -
Head Start
A program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families. -
Lester Madox
Lester Madox was an American politician who served as the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971.He refused to serve black customers in his Atlanta restaurant, in defiance of the Civil Rights Act. -
24th Amendment
Prohibits any poll tax in elections for federal officials. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment (1870) to the Constitution of the United States. -
Affirmative Action
Intended to promote the opportunities of defined minority groups within a society to give them equal access to that of the majority population. -
26 Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. -
Title IX
Comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity.
