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Sharecropping
Southern plantation owners were challenged to find help working the lands that slaves had farmed. Taking advantage of the former slaves desire to own their own farms. Plantation owners used arrangements called sharecropping and tenant farming. -
Black Codes
Black Codes were laws passed by Democrat-controlled Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. -
13th Amendement
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. -
14th Amendment
All persons born or naturalized in the United States. Citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States. -
15th Amendment
This allowed any United States citizen the right to vote regardless of race or color. -
Jim Crow Laws
Were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. There was racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America, starting in 1896 with a "separate but equal" status for African Americans in railroad cars. -
Lynching
It it to kill someone, especially by hanging, for an alleged offense with or without a legal trial. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
This was a U.S. Supreme Court case. It came from an incident that happened in 1892, an African American train passenger (Homer Plessy) refuse to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana law. Plessy felt that his constitutional rights were being violated. -
19th Amendment
The right of citizens of the U.S to vote shall not be denied by the U.S or by any state because of their sex -
Civil Disobedience
The refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest. -
20th Amendment
Sets the dates at which federal government elected offices end. It also defines who succeeds the president if the president dies. -
Federal Housing Administration
The largest mortgage insurer in the world, as well as regulates housing industry business. United States government agency created in part by the National Housing Act of 1934. It sets standards for construction and underwriting and insures loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building. -
Hector P Garcia
Hector Perez Garcia was a Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum. -
Brown v Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
Desegregation
The ending of a policy of racial segregation. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott, a seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement, was a protest against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. The boycott went on for a year until Montgomery citizens started to see change. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks was an activist in the Civil Rights Movement, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement". -
Orville Faubus
Orval Faubus was an American politician who served as 36th Governor of Arkansas from 1955 to 1967.He used the Arkansas National Guard to stop African Americans from attending Little Rock Central High School as part of federally ordered racial desegregation. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
A voting rights bill, was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875. -
George Wallace
George Corley Wallace Jr. was an American politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as a Democrat. -
Sit ins
A sit-in or sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change. -
Nonviolent Protest
The practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, while being nonviolent. -
Cesar Chavez
Cesar Chavez was an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962. -
Betty Friedan
Was an American writer, activist, and feminist. A leading figure in the women's movement in the United States, her 1963 book. The Feminine Mystique is often credited with sparking the second wave of American feminism in the 20th century. -
Martin Luther King Jr
Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using the tactics of nonviolence and civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs and inspired by the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi. -
Head Start
A program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families. -
Lester Maddox
Lester Garfield Maddox Sr. was an American politician who served as the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971. Maddox came to prominence as a staunch segregationist, when he refused to serve black customers in his Atlanta restaurant, in defiance of the Civil Rights Act. -
24th Amendment
United States Constitution prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
Upward Bound
The program provides opportunities for participants to succeed in their precollege performance and ultimately in their higher education pursuits. Upward Bound serve, high school students from low-income families, and high school students from families in which neither parent holds a bachelor's degree. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. -
Affirmative Action
Ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice. -
Title IX
No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.
