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Brown v. Board of Education
The United States Supreme Court decided that separate public schools for black students were unconstitutional because they violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. -
Diana v Board of Education
The United States Supreme Court decided that I.Q. placement tests had to be given in English as well as in a student's native language. Additionally, the tests could not be culturally biased. -
PARC v Pennsylvania
A United States District Court in Pennsylvania decided that public schools must provide free education to children with mental retardation and to all students. -
Mills v Board of Education of DC
This case, heard before a Federal District Court Judge clarified that public schools must provide an education to disabled persons regardless of the cost to do so. -
Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973
This law made it illegal to discrimminate against persons having disabilities in a public school or any other program receiving federal funding. This includes students receiving special education services and also students who do not receive these services. -
Education for all Handicapped Children Act
This enactment, signed into law by President Geral Ford, required all public schools to provide equal access to education for children with disabilities and created categories of disabilities that entitled students to special education services. This law required public schools to evaluate and formulate a plan for handicapped students. -
IDEA 1990
This enactment, signed into law by President George H. W. Bush, changed the name of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act to the Individuals with Disabilities Education act in order to use person-first language. The new law expanded educational support services for early childhood students with disabilities, and expanded occupational and other post school services. Also, the categories autism and traumatic brain injury were added. -
IDEA 1997
President Clinton signed IDEA 1997 into law in June, of 1997. The new law included general education teachers as part of the team responsible for making the student's IEP. Additionally, student's with disabilities were now to be included in the assessment process. -
No Child Left Behind
On January 8, 2002, President George W. Bush signed NCLB int law. Some of the provisions of this law include administering statewide achievement tests to all students, the requirement that all schools recieving Title I funding make AYP or be required to follow certain improvement steps and each state must provide highly qualified teachers to all students. -
IDEA 2004
IDEA 2004 wassigned into law by President George W. Bush in December of 2004. This new version of IDEA is often referred to as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act and clarified that all student's with disabilities must be included in assessments with necessary support provided. Prevention was also addressed by this law, as was Response to Intervention.
