-
570
Muhammad Ibn Abdullah was born
-
622
Hijra (''flight'' in Arabic)
Muhammad fled to Medina because he was being persecuted. -
622
Start of expansion
-
632
Muhammad died
-
Period: 632 to 661
The first four caliphs
-
Period: 661 to 750
The Umayyad dinasty
They were from Syria and made Damascus the capital -
711
Muslims arrived at the Iberian Peninsula
-
718
They conquered
North Africa and most of the Iberian Peninsula -
Period: 718 to 756
The dependent Emirate
After the military conquest, Al-Andalus became a province or emirate -
732
Battle of Poitiers
Charles Martel beated the Muslims in the Marca Hispánica -
Period: 750 to 1258
The Abbasid dinasty
They defeated the Umayyads and took over the Caliphate -
Period: 756 to 929
The independent Emirate
Abd al-Rahman broke away from the Baghdad Caliphate, declared himself an independent emir and founded the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba -
831
They conquered
Nubia and Palermo -
846
End of expansion
-
846
They conquered
southern and central Italy -
1453
Later, the islamic Empire was taken over by the Turks
