-
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Segregation stigmatized blacks and stampled them with a bridge of inferiority in violation of the 15th and 14th amendment. THe 7-1 decision that the law was unconstitutional ruled that states could enact a legislation that "separate" facilities for blacks and whites were constitutional as long as they were "equal." Related to Brown vs Board of education cafe because all students should receive equal education opportunities. All students can receive separate but equal education. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Oliver Brown's child was denied access to peka's white schools ad took the school board to court. After losing the case, he appealed to the supreme court and won, racial segregation in schools was deemed "inherently unequal." Sero reject, LRE, and FAPE are implicated. -
Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act
President John F Kennedy signed MRFCMHCCA which led to the new era of community based treatment of "mentally ill" indivuduals. First time for federal leadership. Core idea was that people should be taken care of close to where they live and work. De-institutionalization of mental health centers.Improve access, improve research funding, increase attention to the needs of those with mental retardation. People with disabilities should be part of the community. -
ESEA
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act passed by Lyndon Johnson appropriated federal money to states to improve education for disadvantaged children. Title I is the largest section of the law. The government created formulas to determine what schools are eligible taking into account data such as the number of students eligible for free or reduced lunch. Zero reject and FAPE are implicated -
Hobson vs. Hansen
Raised legal questions about ability grouping students were administered a standardized aptitude test in early elementary school to test their track. Higher tracks were prepped for college while lower tracks were prepped for blue-collar jobs. Judge Shelly Wright found the test were biased in a way that poor, black children would inevitably earn a lower score and place in the lower track. -
Diana vs. State Board of CA LRE FAPE Non-discriminatory Evaluation
Plaintiffs filed on behalf of Mexican American children in Monterey County, CA, alleged that the school system was inaccurately identifying Spanish-speaking children as "mentally retarded" with IQ test administered in English. The court rules that non-english proficient children cannot be placed in special ed on the basis of culturally biased tests or tests administered in Eng. The court ruled that Spanish speaking children should be in their native lang to avoid errors in placement. -
PARC vs Commonwealth of PA
Pennsylvania agreed to provide a free public education for all children with disabilities. Each child needs to be offered an individualized education and it need to be in the least restrictive environment. This led to the constitutional right of education for all children with disabilities.Implications were LRE, Zero Reject, and FAPE -
Larry P. vs. Riles
IQ testing on young black children was found to be inappropriately placing them in Educable Mentally Retarded classrooms because the test were discriminatory. The court ruled that evaluations must be multi-faceted and test must be validated for use on minority populations they are given to. Ruled that test must be non discriminatory. -
Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia
Children with disabilities had an equal right to public education. Children entitled to full procedural protections. Notice of prospect changes, access to school records, a right to be heard, and represented by a legal counsel when necessary. Implications were zero rejection, FAPE, and LRE -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
First federal civil rights law to protect the rights of persons with disabilities. No individual should be discriminated against because of their handicap in any activity receiving federal financial aid. Handicap equals physical or mental impairment that limits a person's major life activities. "prohibit discrimination against a person with a disability by any agency receiving Federal Funds. " -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
Children with a mental or physical disability will have federally funded access to education and one free meal each day at public schools. -
Handicapped Children's Protection ACT
Allows parents to recover reasonable attorney's fees, if they prevail in a due process of a hearing -
Americans with Disabilities ACT
Everything access to everything. -
Rosa's Law
The term "mental retardation" is replaced with the term "Intellectual disability". Rosa was nine when this became a law, this girl with Down Syndrome changed how people speak about children with disabilities, and how they think of them as people.