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Instructional Technology

By Deniz Yaren Aşık
  • Period: 40,000 BCE to 2022 BCE

    ORAL COMMUNICATION

    Oral communication was the first and only way of education in ancient times. In those times, people had to interact with themselves orally because there was no printed material. Fable, saga, story, cave paintings, abacus can be counted as the tools that used in oral communication.
  • 30,000 BCE

    CAVE PAINTINGS

    CAVE PAINTINGS
    In ancient times, people used to draw objects such as animals that existsed arond them on cave walls. They also reflected their beliefs and thoughts on these walls.These paintings, which were the way of communication at that time, were also used for transferring these expressions and information. Therefore it can be said that education dates back in ancient times. Cave paintings were used as a means of transmission to the future generations, that is, for educational purpose.
  • 2900 BCE

    PAPYRUS

    PAPYRUS
    Papyrus generally was made from plant. People wrote symbols, text on papyrus in hieroglyphs, hieratic script. This tool were used until the invention of paper.
  • 2700 BCE

    SUMERIAN ABACUS

    SUMERIAN ABACUS
    Sumerian was the first civilization that used the first abacus. This abacus were consist of successive columns. This columns had one-sixtieth number system. This abacus were used for simple calculations, and for instantiation.
  • 510 BCE

    PYTHAGORAS ACADEMY

    PYTHAGORAS ACADEMY
    First school started with the contribution of Pythagoras. It can be said that Pythagoras Academy was the first example of formal education (Brown, 1966). Learners are taught ethics, science, math. This education took place orally in an open area.
  • 105

    PAPER MADE IN CHINA

    PAPER MADE IN CHINA
    The first true papermaking was achieved in China. Mostly, it was consist of plant and bast fibre. This tool was used to write,drawing and also for money. Since written sources were a permanent means of transfer, it can be said that paper was a crucial invention for the future generations.
  • 382

    MANUSCRIPT TRANSCRIPTION

    MANUSCRIPT TRANSCRIPTION
    Manuscript transcription can be defined as handwritten document. It was invented as a writing standart. Thanks to this transcription, Latin alphabet became readable and accessible for the students. It can be said that this was considerable invent for the education.
  • Period: 1440 to

    WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

    With the emergence of lettering and printed materials, written communication took place. Thanks to the written communication, informations became permanent. And, the tools such as paper, book, board,mimeograph we use for education now were invented in those times .
  • 1450

    GUTENBERG PRINTING PRESS

    GUTENBERG PRINTING PRESS
    First printing press was invented by Gutenberg. It was a portable one. It was used to transfer and spread the information, the text. This invent was truly a revolution. Thanks to the printing press, information became more accessable and more widespread. Printing press enable people to question.

  • PUBLIC EDUCATİON

    PUBLIC EDUCATİON
    At those times, education was only for wealthy children. Public schools' mission was to ensure the environment where the poverty and crime were not exist. However, reformers were against the system which was only available for wealthy people. Thanks to their work, public school became available for all the children by the end of 19th century. (Thattai, n.d).

  • HORN BOOK

    HORN BOOK
    Horn books were tablets which had been invented to teach alphabeth to the young learners.

  • BLACKBOARD

    BLACKBOARD
    Unlike papers, blackboard was more useful and cheaper because it can be erased. It was a useful invention for information transfer and the class environment. This invention enabled teachers to present information visually. It was a useful tool for learning.

  • THE INVENTİON OF BOOKS

    THE INVENTİON OF BOOKS
    The invention of books was an opportunity for lower class because more books means more accessible information. Books was a tool which get people together because of the same ideas that people exposed to. Books were also a facilitator for the learners. It enabled them to access the information whenever they wanted thanks its portability.

  • PENCIL

    PENCIL
    Invention of pencil enable to write on paper. So that, informations, and texts became more durable, and permanent.

  • RADIO USED IN EDUCATION

    RADIO USED IN EDUCATION
    Educational radio programs were started by BBC.The first program was Insects in Relation to Man (Bates,n.d). It allowed teacher to reach learner from a distant place. Also it enabled information to reach a larger audience.
  • Period: to

    BROADCASTING AND VIDEO

    Educational radio programs were released for schools in that times by BBC. Radio and TV can be example for Broadcasting era. The inventions of radio and TV promoted learning and education.

  • FILM PROJECTOR

    FILM PROJECTOR
    Film projectors were used to show educationals films in classroom. Thanks to the film projectors, audio-visual learning took place. They also used as a military training tool.

  • OvERHEAD PROJECTOR

    OvERHEAD PROJECTOR
    It enables teacher to make a text or a visual available for all class. It faciltates learning. Overhead projectors were also used in both military and education.

  • MIMEOGRAPG

    MIMEOGRAPG
    Mimeographs were especially an opportunity for teachers. Mimeographs made it possible to copy the printed texts. It became a facilitator for education.

  • TELEVISION

    TELEVISION
    At first times, television were not used for educational purposes, however then people started to use TV for education. India achieved using TV for efucation and they still use it for the poor part of the country.
  • Period: to

    COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES

    This refers to the computer-based learning. Computers enable learners to construct their own knowledge (Thornburg,2014). Thanks to the advancements in technology,the information became much more accessible.

  • Hand-Held Graphing Calculator

    Hand-Held Graphing Calculator
    Calculator was an important invention that facilitate calculation. Thanks to the calculator, math became much more easier.

  • SMARTBOARD

    SMARTBOARD
    Smartboard is a useful tool for education. It give the opportunity for interactive education. It allows students and teachers to access much more resources.

  • İPAD

    İPAD
    iPAD gave the opportunity for learners to reach endless resources. Before digital age information was only available in written format. Thanks to the this device, learning process became interactive, and enjoyable.

  • REFERENCES

    REFERENCES
    1)Saettler, P. (1990). The Evolution of American Educational Technology, Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 25(1), 51-54.
    2) https://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Educational_technology
    3) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFwWWsz_X9s
    4)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT-df_zdnfI
    5)Mishra, P. (2009). Looking Back to the Future of
    Educational Technology, TechTrends, 53(5), 48-53.
    6) https://edtechmagazine.com/k12/article/2013/02/vision-learning-history-classroom-projectors

  • REFERENCES

    REFERENCES
    7) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_paper
    8)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_press
    9)Bates, A,W,T. ( n.d) Teaching in Digital Age
    10)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgcer9MAnaA
    11)http://blitzlondon.blogspot.com/2012/10/history-of-educational-technology.html
    12) Thornburg, D,D. (2014). The History of Ed Tech
    Shows It's Not About the Device.