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Date of Birth
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Period: to
Infancy
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Form (0-3 Months)
Speech-like vocalizations include primitive vowel-like sounds emerging at around 2 months. An example of these kinds of sounds made at 2 months old is linked below. She coos and says "aaa".
https://youtu.be/Yt0NWVaqbFk -
Content (0-3 Months)
Infant looks toward the source of sound, and startles in response to loud sound. As well as Briefly holds and inspects objects.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZRgA9-cMkw -
Use (0-3 months)
Cries differentiate at about 1 or 2 months. It uses the different cries in the different situations like one cry means “I am hungry” and another cry means “I am hurt”. The parent can interpret and verbalize those cries for the baby to hear. -
Form (3-6 Months)
Vowel-like sounds that approximate mature adult vowels between 3 and 8 months. An example of vowel-like sounds like "aaaoo" by a 3 month old baby is attached below
https://youtu.be/vm37vKnDdh8 -
Content (3-6 Months)
Infant is able to distinguish between purposeful and accidental actions. Infant also attempts to imitate gestures, and understands the word “no”.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0FGHFrMRXI -
Use (3-6 months)
Use eye contact with an infant, says “ah”, “goo-goo”, or a combination of vowels; and babble with any vowels at about 4 months -
Form (6-9 Months)
Primitive consonant-vowel combinations and canonical symbols between the ages of 5-10 months. An example of a consonant-vowel like sound/babble that sounds like "binga" is used at the beginning of the video linked below
https://youtu.be/k3Au6qT0U-s -
Use (6-9 months)
Use the variety of preverbal language functions at around 8 months -
Content (6-9 months)
At about 6 months the infant starts to babble and repeat sounds such as "ma-ma-ma" or "bah-bah-bah" to get attention or express feeling. Link text -
Content (9-12 months)
Infants produce their first true words at 12 months that refer to salient people and objects in infants’ everyday lives -> must say true words with a clear intention; must produce true words with recognizable pronunciation that approximates the adult form; and is a word being used consistently and generalizes beyond the original context. Ex: an infant calling their mother “mama”. -
Use (9-12 months)
Vocalizes with gesture to protest, reject, request objects or action, call, express feelings, notice/comment, respond to others, and refuse. Link text -
Form (9-12 Months)
Identifies words in speech that do not conform to the native language stress pattern. The use of Jargon starts, Jargon is a special type of babbling containing at least two syllables and at least two different consonants and vowels, as well as varied stress or intonation patterns.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Kb_4z7mVqg -
Period: to
Todderhood
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Content (12-16 Months)
Semantics: At 12 months old, she speaks first word which is "daddy". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WFpJTMUp2s&ab_channel=J.M. -
Form (12-16 Months)
Syntax and Morphology: At month 12, 50% of all utterances consist of single nouns, such as foods like "apple", "banana", and objects such as "ball" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtH6aam0iMU&ab_channel=OllieandTay -
Use (12-16 Months)
Pragmatics: At 12 months, use referential gestures. Uses line of regard, gestures, voice direction, and body posture to infer intentions underlying other people’s actions . She points at the blue cup while speaking about a color. https://www.tiktok.com/@tedzma6/video/7011916283541212422?is_from_webapp=1&sender_device=pc&web_id7016486453316781574 -
Form (16-20 Months)
Syntax and Morphology: At month 16 Uses negation (no) 33% of all utterances consist of single nouns. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FAALLTDGo20&ab_channel=foryoupage -
Content (16-20 Months)
Semantics: At month 16, uses between 3 and 20 words such as "book" , "ball", and "squirrel". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtH6aam0iMU&ab_channel=OllieandTay -
Form (20-24 months)
At between 20 to 24 months, the toddler may start with two words together to use the form phrases like, “no sleep” or “more food”. There are also the true clauses that are not evident like, “Mommy down”. -
Content (20-24 months)
The toddler can pedal a tricycle, throw the ball, and follow a two- commands at about 23 months. -
Use (20-24 months)
At the age of 23 or 24 months, most toddlers remember almost 200 words. It is possibly used to make two or three sentences like, “Open please” or “No bath time!”. -
Form (24-28 months)
Toddlers will start to say personal details like names or things at 25 months. -
Use (24-28 Months)
At 24 months, the toddler begins to use imaginative, heuristic, and informative language functions. 24- month old speech and language milestones -
Content (24-28 months)
Comprehends approximately 500 words and produces about 200 words. In addition at 28 months the child overgeneralizes about one third of all new words and attends to sentence structure when interpreting new words.
Examples: “shoes on feet”, “mommy driving”, “kitties running.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcepkHkoLjU -
Form (28-32 Months)
At 28 months, the toddler demonstrates phonological processes (e.g., final consonant omission, substitution of consonants). Phonological processes: Cluster reduction and reduplication -
Content (28-32 Months)
At 28 months, the toddler attends to sentence structure when interpreting new words. Interview With A Toddler / Eliza is 2.5 Years Old / Toddler Q&A -
Use (28-32 Months)
At 28 months, the toddler introduces and changes discussion topics and engages in short dialogues. 2 year old boy talking -
Use (32-36 Months)
Child clarifies and requests clarification during conversation.
Request example: “Can I have juice, where is mommy?”
Protest example: “ I don’t want that.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBVDiz-LY7w -
Content (32-36 Months)
Comprehends approximately 900 words, produces approximately 500 words, and asks simple questions.
For example, a child can sing a familiar song such as “twinkle little star”, ask a question like “Daddy is at work?”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCDFwPvHHns -
Form (32-36 Months)
Suppresses most common phonological processes by this age and pronounces about 80% of all words intelligibly.
For instance, by age 3 years old, children will say “banana” instead of “nana” and “doggie” instead of “doddie.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZhylbtJCg0 -
Form (3 Years Old)
1) Begins to develop shallow phonological awareness. 2) Makes significant advances in using complex sentences. Ex: "Daddy's hitting the hammer outside." 3) Begin to use phrases/clauses into utterances to create complex and compound sentences to use coordinating conjunctions (e.g., and, or, but) and subordinating conjunctions (e.g., then, when, because). Ex: "I told Daddy and Daddy told Mommy." -
Period: to
Preschool
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Form (3 years old)
She continues to refine articulatory skills at 40 months. An example of this would be in this video where the 3 or so year old is attempting to articulate the word lasagna fully. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhkS5sxtzmg&ab_channel=LaGuardiaCross -
Form (3 Years Old)
Uses pronouns consistently, use adverbs of time at 40 months. For example, this girl consistently uses correct pronouns such as "she" while telling her story about a robot girl. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2M06bwf8mQ0&ab_channel=RumbleViral -
Content (3 Years)
Understands some relational terms such as hard-soft (40 Months). For example, she says the play doh is "so hard" to play with. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ecRSywdRaQ&ab_channel=DelaneyQ -
Form (3 Years Old)
Uses past tense consistently (44 Months). For example, the girl says "once upon a time" and "was" as she is telling her story, alluding to something in the past. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2M06bwf8mQ0&ab_channel=RumbleViral -
Content (3 Years)
Understands some kinship terms (44 Months). For example, she clearly understands and uses the words "mommy", "daddy", and "baby sister". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhkS5sxtzmg&ab_channel=LaGuardiaCross -
Content (Age 4)
Overextends new words on the basis of object function.
1. Analogical overextension when the child extends a word they know to other words that are perceptually similar.
Ex: child knows the word ball and sees another round object and calls it ball if they don’t already know the word.
2. Relational overextension when the child extends a word they know to other words that are semantically or thematically related. -
Content (3 Years)
She becomes increasingly adept at answering and asking questions (interrogatives) (44 Months). For example, she asks "where is my card?" and "can i have your phone?". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=blTurFmZLrU&ab_channel=RyanLesperance -
Form (Age 4)
Combines four to seven words in a sentence.
Example: I like this cat and this cat is soft because the cat has hair all over its body.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGke2ypp_CU -
Form (Age 4)
Uses irregular third person verbs.
Examples: “but her didn’t do it right ” ,“Her was mean to me “
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TVE1dVGkZrA -
Content (Age 4)
Uses animacy information to infer the meaning of new words. -
Form (Age 4)
Decreases use of phonological processes such as the use of weak-syllables deletion and cluster reduction.
Examples:
-Weak-syllable deletion: Above- “buv”, Umbrella- “bella”, banana - “nana”
- Cluster reduction: Spider - “bider”, Blue - “boo”, School - “kool”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngtjEQIkALw -
Content (Age 4)
Uses reflexive pronouns such as himself, herself, itself.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-90qSC1vqhg -
Use (3 years old)
- Understands slightly complicated words
- Use language in role play. For example, they can pretend to be ‘mommy’ and imitate their mom’s tone and words.
- Children can tell simple stories, put words to emotion, and use words as part of their play with others.
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Use (4 Years Old)
1) Uses interpretive, logical, participatory, and organizing 2) Constructive true narratives 3) Use indirect requests Let's talk: 4 to 5 Years -
Form (4 years old)
- Children require reading with phonology that represents the relationship between letters or combinations of letters (graphemes) and sounds (phonemes).
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Form (4 years old)
- Children are able to name basic emotions like happy, sad, and angry.
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Form (4 years old)
- They can do comprehension position concepts For example, ‘on/off, ‘in/out’, ‘up/down, ‘top/bottom’, and ‘first/last.
