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Smelting of iron
Abraham Darby found a way to smelt iron by burning the coal in a vacuum, getting all impurities out and leaving the high-carbon portion of coal called coke. -
First bridge made of cast iron
The bridge was constructed to carry pedestrian traffic over the River Severn in Shropshire, England. This bridge is a symbol of where the Industrial Revolution started. -
Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution to mainland Europe
- Used the criteria that there should be proximity to coal fields and a connection to a port.
- Once the railroads were well established, some manufacturing moved to or expanded inside of existing urban areas with large markets.
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First crossing of the Atlantic by a steam-powered vessel
The ship making use of a steam engine crossed between North America and Europe. The first crossing of the Atlantic by a steam-powered vessel opened a new age of ocean shipping. -
Connection of Manchester to the rail network
Manchester, a center of textile manufacturing, was connected by rail to the nearby port of Liverpool, a westward-facing port that linked Britain with the colonies. -
Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution to East Asia
Japan became one of the world’s leading industrial countries. It depended upon raw materials imported from around the world.
Furthermore, in the late 1800s and early 1900s, Japan colonized Korea, Taiwan, and portions of mainland China brought capital and resources for industry.
Fact: Kobe–Kyoto–Osaka triangle is a vast industrial region with steel mills, a major chemical industry, automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding, textile factories, and many other types of production. -
Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution to North America
The Industrial Revolution began in England. There was a lack of raw materials in northeastern England. England benefited from the ability of its companies to acquire needed raw materials from overseas sources, for example, North America. For instance, coal was a chief fuel. -
Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution to Russia/Ukraine
Peter the Great encouraged western European artisans with skills and specializations to migrate to the region, and he imported high-quality machine building, optical products, and medical equipment. The St. Petersburg region soon attracted industries including shipbuilding, chemical production, food processing, and textile making. -
Emergence of Fordist production(
The Fordist production encompasses a set of political-economic structures and financial order. Ford assembly line machines replaced people and unskilled workers. Ford imported raw materials, from coal to rubber to steel, from around the world
- Ford’s goal: to mass produce goods at a price point where his workers could afford to purchase them.