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Steam Engine
Thomas Newcomen invented the steam engine which led to the invention of the modern steam engine (James Watt). The steam engine greatly impacted transportation and influenced future transportation inventions. -
Textiles
The flying shuttle (1733), the spinning jenny (1764), and the power loom (1769) were invented and they all changed the way textiles were created. The flying shuttle sped up the weaving process, the spinning jenny sped up the spinning process, and the power loom produced 200 times more cloth. This impacted the textile industry because it produced more clothing and produced it faster. -
Agricultural Revolution
Crop rotation started up and the iron plow was invented. This was important because you could get more food this way and that helped with the population growth. It also influenced modern agricultural. -
Cotton Gin
The cotton gin was invented and increased the supply of cotton, which was key to the textile industry. -
Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur came up with the process of pasteurization, which is when bacteria is destroyed by heating up beverages and then cooling them down. Pasteurization has helped sanitize drinks, like water, and has been used by many people to get clean drinking water. Pasteur's work in germ theory led him to create vaccinations. Vaccinations are used to help fight common viruses. -
Reactions to Industrial Revolution
Factory work had economic advantages, but it also had disadvantages. The long hours, low wages, and child labor led to labor unions and strikes. Those helped get labor reform laws created, which is influential in labor laws today. -
Telegraph
The telegraph and Morse code, invented by Samuel Morse, was influential because it improved communication between people and led to the inventions of television, radio, internet, and telephone. -
Karl Marx
Karl Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto. Today, big countries like China and Russia are communist. Communism is the ideals that the government controls means of production and it has a classless society. -
Theory of Evolution
The theory of evolution was created by Charles Darwin. This theory states that plants and animals evolved from simpler life forms. The theory of evolution is looked at and referred to and studied today. This theory changed the way people looked at the creation of life. -
Monopoly
John Rockefeller started the Standard Oil Co. in 1870 and by the 1880's he controlled about 90% of the United States' refineries and pipelines. He had a monopoly, a total control of the market, over oil. This lead to him having a hand in the oil industry, economy, and government. The reason there are laws against monopolies today, is because of Rockefeller. -
Telephone
In 1876, the first telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. The phone is a very common item today and without it, we couldn't talk to people with the click of a button. -
Lightbulb
Thomas Edison invented the light bulb in 1879. People used to have to use candlelight until the light bulb and now light bulbs are used every second of every day. -
Engine
The internal combustion engine was invented in 1885 and led to the invention of the auto engine (1886) and the diesel engine. The engine is used in automobiles and without it we wouldn't have cars. -
Sociology
Ivan Pavlov used classical conditioning and experimented with dogs and training them to salivate every time they here a bell. This lead to the study of human behavior in groups, or sociology. Pavlov's discoveries and methods are still being studied and tested today. -
Psychology
Sigmund Freud wrote "The Interpretation of Dreams" and was the first psychologist to make a difference in that field and to be well-known. Psychology is the study of human behavior of an individual and Darwin made an impact in psychology. -
Radio
The wireless telegraph, or the radio, was invented in 1901. With the invention of the radio, we can get information and news from different parts of the world or even locally. -
Airplane
Orville and Wilbur Wright invented the first airplane. The airplane changed the way we travel long distance. With the airplane, we can go to any continent and and country in a reasonable amount of time. -
Mass Production
Mass production made it possible to make a large quantity of a product. Henry Ford invented the assembly line (1908) which helped a lot with mass production. -
First Automobile
Henry Ford created the assembly line for creating the Ford Model T, which was the first automobile. The automobile made traveling much easier and replaced the horse carriage, which was used before the automobile. -
Urbanization
Because of the increased factory and mass production work, more people lived in the city to be closer to work. This led to a huge city growth. For example, England had 10% of people who lived in the city in 1800, and had had 80% of people living in the city in 1921. Urbanization affected people a lot. It led to poverty, hunger, disease, slums, and crime.
